RSpec: All tests failing - ruby-on-rails

Question

I am following the Ruby on Rails tutorial by Michael Hartl. My tests were all passing till I migrated the database and added the last 2 test. Something got messed up since all the tests are failing now even if I remove the last 2 tests. I am not sure if I made some mistake with the migrate or something else.
This is what I used:
$ bundle exec rake db:migrate
$ bundle exec rake db:test:prepare
$ bundle exec rspec spec/
Here's the user_spec file which fails completely:
require 'spec_helper'
describe User do
before do
#user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user#example.com", password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
end
subject { #user }
it { should respond_to(:name) }
it { should respond_to(:email) }
it { should respond_to(:password_digest) }
it { should respond_to(:password) }
it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) }
it { should be_valid }
describe "when name is not present" do
before { #user.name = " " }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when email is not present" do
before { #user.email = " "}
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when name is too long" do
before { #user.name = "a"*51 }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when email format is invalid" do
it "should be invalid" do
addresses = %w[user#foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user#foo. foo#bar_baz.com foo#bar_baz.com]
addresses.each do |invalid_address|
#user.email = invalid_address
#user.should_not be_valid
end
end
end
describe "when email format is valid" do
it "should be valid" do
addresses = %w[user#foo.COM A_US-ER#f.b.org frst.lst#foo.jp a+b#baz.cn]
addresses.each do |valid_address|
#user.email = valid_address
#user.should be_valid
end
end
end
describe "when email address is already taken" do
before do
user_with_same_email = #user.dup
user_with_same_email.email = #user.email.upcase
user_with_same_email.save
end
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when password is not present" do
before { #user.password = #user.password_confirmation = " " }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
before { #user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
describe "when password confirmation is nil" do
before { #user.password_confirmation = nil }
it { should_not be_valid }
end
end
And here is the migration file:
class AddPassswordDigestToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
add_column :users, :password_digest, :string
end
end
EDIT2 - I just removed password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar" from the first line of the spec and now I only get 5 errors (which is right as those related to password should fail)
EDIT1 - Here are the failing tests
Running all specs
Running tests with args ["--drb", "-f", "progress", "-r", "/home/niranjan/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/guard-rspec-1.2.1/lib/guard/rspec/formatters/notification_rspec.rb", "-f", "Guard::RSpec::Formatter::NotificationRSpec", "--out", "/dev/null", "--failure-exit-code", "2", "spec"]...
..FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF.........
Failures:
1) User
Failure/Error: #user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user#example.com", password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
unknown attribute: password
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:16:in `new'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:16:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
2) User
Failure/Error: #user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user#example.com", password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
unknown attribute: password
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:16:in `new'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:16:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
3) User
Failure/Error: #user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user#example.com", password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
unknown attribute: password
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:16:in `new'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:16:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
4) User
Failure/Error: #user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user#example.com", password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError:
unknown attribute: password
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:16:in `new'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:16:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
.... and so on

Answer 1

From the book:
Putting everything together gives the (failing) tests in Listing 6.28. We’ll get them to pass in Section 6.3.4.
The tests should be failing. They will pass as soon as the password implementation is done, later on the tutorial.
Now, to explain why they are failing:
On the line where you create the user (your before block), you are passing the password attribute to the constructor, but that attribute doesn't exist yet, so your model complains with the errors you are seeing. On the tutorial this attribute is created a little later.