How to render a chessboard grid on a Bitmap? - delphi

I am displaying transparent images on top of another "underneath" image.
In this case the bottom (solid) image is a chessboard grid and the top image is a lion (transparent):
=
The reason is to show transparency areas much better as typically you would not see which areas are transparent.
The problem is, bitmaps can be any size in dimensions, so the grid would also need to be the same size as the bitmap.
A dirty approach if you like would be to create a larger version of the chessboard grid above to a size such as 2000x2000, then depending on the size of the bitmaps you are working with you could resize the canvas of the grid to match. This is not ideal because it means storing the large chessboard grid bitmap with your application, and then it means resizing it which may not give the correct results depending on aspect ratio etc.
The correct approach I feel would be to render the chessboard grid programmatically, something like:
procedure RenderGrid(Source: TBitmap; Height, Width: Integer;
Size: Integer; Color1, Color2: TColor);
begin
end;
This would allow customising the grid with different sizes and colors, and not worry about the overhead of storing a large chessboard grid bitmap and having to resize it.
However I am not sure how you could draw the grid onto a bitmap? One thought I had was that you need to loop through each alternating row of the bitmap and color it that way? I am not sure.
This involves math and calculations which I am not good with. I would appreciate if you could enlighten me on the most effective way of rendering the grid on a bitmap.

procedure RenderGrid(Source: TBitmap; Height, Width: Integer;
Size: Integer; Color1, Color2: TColor);
var
y: Integer;
x: Integer;
begin
Source.SetSize(Width, Height);
for y := 0 to Height div Size do
for x := 0 to Width div Size do
begin
if Odd(x) xor Odd(y) then
Source.Canvas.Brush.Color := Color1
else
Source.Canvas.Brush.Color := Color2;
Source.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(x*Size, y*Size, (x+1)*Size, (y+1)*Size));
end;
end;

Once upon a time, I profiled this specific need. Considering your RenderGrid signature, it is likely that the Bitmap parameter's image will be drawn after the bitmap is drawn. Then the best performance is got by painting the whole bitmap in Color1, and only paint the squares for Color2:
procedure RenderGrid(Target: TBitmap; Height, Width: Integer; Size: Integer;
Color1, Color2: TColor);
var
Col: Integer;
Row: Integer;
begin
Target.SetSize(Width, Height)
Target.Canvas.Brush.Color := Color1;
Target.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Width, Height));
Target.Canvas.Brush.Color := Color2;
for Col := 0 to Width div Size do
for Row := 0 to Height div Size do
if Odd(Col + Row) then
Target.Canvas.FillRect(Bounds(Col * Size, Row * Size, Size, Size));
end;
Update
But since you are speaking about large bitmaps, the routine shown below is even another 20% faster. It creates a small bitmap with only 4 squares, say a chessboard of 2 x 2, and lets the target's brush property spread it out automatically. *)
procedure RenderGrid(Target: TBitmap; Height, Width: Integer; Size: Integer;
Color1, Color2: TColor);
var
Tmp: TBitmap;
begin
Tmp := TBitmap.Create;
try
Tmp.Canvas.Brush.Color := Color1;
Tmp.Width := 2 * Size;
Tmp.Height := 2 * Size;
Tmp.Canvas.Brush.Color := Color2;
Tmp.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Size, Size));
Tmp.Canvas.FillRect(Bounds(Size, Size, Size, Size));
Target.Canvas.Brush.Bitmap := Tmp;
if Target.Width * Target.Height = 0 then
Target.SetSize(Width, Height)
else
begin
Target.SetSize(Width, Height)
Target.Canvas.FillRect(Rect(0, 0, Width, Height));
end;
finally
Tmp.Free;
end;
end;
To optimize this even further: cache this small bitmap (Tmp), and reuse it when its size hasn't been changed.
*) See also: How to color a bitmap without calling FillRect()?.

For Firemonkey use this function
procedure PaintChessBrush(const Canvas: TCanvas; const AColor: TAlphaColor; const ARect: TRectF; const AOpacity: Single; const AChessStep: Single = 10);
procedure MakeChessBrush(ABrushBitmap: TBrushBitmap; const AChessStep: Single);
var
BitmapTmp: TBitmap;
begin
BitmapTmp := ABrushBitmap.Bitmap;
with BitmapTmp do
begin
SetSize(Trunc(2 * AChessStep), Trunc(2 * AChessStep));
Clear(TAlphaColorRec.White);
ClearRect(RectF(0, 0, AChessStep, AChessStep), TAlphaColorRec.Lightgray);
ClearRect(RectF(AChessStep, AChessStep, 2 * AChessStep, 2 * AChessStep), TAlphaColorRec.Lightgray);
end;
ABrushBitmap.WrapMode := TWrapMode.Tile;
end;
var
State: TCanvasSaveState;
begin
State := Canvas.SaveState;
try
MakeChessBrush(Canvas.Fill.Bitmap, AChessStep);
Canvas.Fill.Kind := TBrushKind.Bitmap;
Canvas.FillRect(ARect, 0, 0, AllCorners, AOpacity);
Canvas.Fill.Kind := TBrushKind.Solid;
Canvas.Fill.Color := AColor;
Canvas.FillRect(ARect, 0, 0, AllCorners, AOpacity);
finally
Canvas.RestoreState(State);
end;
end;

You'll get better performance with this approach. Just don't pass CellSize = 0.
// Color1, Color2 in RRGGBB format (i.e. Red = $00FF0000)
procedure RenderGrid(Source: TBitmap; CellSize: Integer; Color1, Color2: TColorRef);
var
I, J: Integer;
Pixel: ^TColorRef;
UseColor1: Boolean;
begin
Source.PixelFormat := pf32bit;
Pixel := Source.ScanLine[Source.Height - 1];
for I := 0 to Source.Height - 1 do
begin
UseColor1 := (I div CellSize) mod 2 = 0;
for J := 0 to Source.Width - 1 do
begin
if J mod CellSize = 0 then UseColor1 := not UseColor1;
if UseColor1 then
Pixel^ := Color1
else
Pixel^ := Color2;
Inc(Pixel);
end;
end;
end;

Related

Delphi: How to print multiple images in one page using Printer?

I cannot seem to figure out how to print multiple images in one page using Printer,
I want to display images side by side like this:
But the problem is the images always display in full page like this:
I have this code:
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
MyRect: TRect;
scale: Double;
Bitmap : TBitmap;
i: integer;
begin
try
Bitmap := TBitmap.Create;
Bitmap.Width := Image1.Picture.Width;
Bitmap.Height := Image1.Picture.Height;
Bitmap.Canvas.Draw(0,0,Image1.Picture.Graphic);
if PrintDialog1.Execute then
begin
if Printer.Orientation = poPortrait then
scale := GetDeviceCaps(Printer.Handle, LOGPIXELSX) / Screen.PixelsPerInch
else
scale := GetDeviceCaps(Printer.Handle, LOGPIXELSY) / Screen.pixelsperinch;
Printer.BeginDoc;
MyRect := Rect(0,0, trunc(Bitmap.Width * scale), trunc(Bitmap.Height * scale));
Printer.Canvas.StretchDraw(MyRect, Bitmap);
Printer.EndDoc;
end;
finally
Bitmap.Free;
end;
end;
I want to the printer to printout images side by side, how can I accomplish that?
Can any one help me please?
Update:
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
MyRect: TRect;
scale: Double;
Bitmap : TBitmap;
i, x, y, width, height, img_count: integer;
begin
Bitmap := TBitmap.Create;
x := 0;
y := 0;
img_count := 3;
try
begin
Bitmap.Width := Image1.Picture.Width;
Bitmap.Height := Image1.Picture.Height;
Bitmap.Canvas.Draw(0,0,Image1.Picture.Graphic);
if PrintDialog1.Execute then
begin
if Printer.Orientation = poPortrait then
scale := GetDeviceCaps(Printer.Handle, LOGPIXELSX) / Screen.PixelsPerInch
else
scale := GetDeviceCaps(Printer.Handle, LOGPIXELSY) / Screen.pixelsperinch;
Printer.BeginDoc;
for i := 1 to img_count do
begin
width := trunc(Bitmap.Width * scale / img_count);
height := trunc(Bitmap.Height * scale / img_count);
MyRect := Rect(x, y, width, height);
Printer.Canvas.StretchDraw(MyRect, Bitmap);
x := x + width;
end;
Printer.EndDoc;
end;
end;
finally
Bitmap.Free;
end;
end;
Now it displays the images like sticking at each other, an I want them to display with a little margin between them:
This is when I add margins:
This is without margins:
You have to halfway understand your code, then it will all become obvious. Canvas and Rect are literally just that - and if you max your rectangle out by scale you'll never put two pictures side by side. Cut the values in half and use understand the parameters of functions - I'll use more variables to make it more obvious why your approach is very easy to solve:
var
x, y, width, height: Integer;
...
begin
...
Printer.BeginDoc;
x:= 0; // Start on top left
y:= 0;
width:= trunc( Bitmap1.Width* scale/ 2 ); // Half of the size
height:= trunc( Bitmap1.Height* scale/ 2 )
Printer.Canvas.StretchDraw( Rect( x, y, width, height ), Bitmap1 );
x:= width; // Continue after picture on the right side
width:= trunc( Bitmap2.Width* scale/ 2 ); // Again half of the size
height:= trunc( Bitmap2.Height* scale/ 2 )
Printer.Canvas.StretchDraw( Rect( x, y, width, height ), Bitmap2 );
Printer.EndDoc;
This example presumes Bitmap1 and Bitmap2 have similar dimensions.

In Delphi, how does TBitmap.Monochrome and .PixelFormat influcence the format of .ScanLine?

I want to assign a given buffer with a bitmap in Mono8 format (Monochrome 8 Bits) to a bitmap. I then assign the resulting bitmap to a TImage component to display it. The pictures are screenshots of the resulting display.
The following code works but seems a bit wasteful:
procedure CopyToBitmapMono824(_Buffer: PByte; _Bmp: TBitmap);
var
y: Integer;
x: Integer;
ScanLine: PdzRgbTripleArray;
begin
for y := 0 to _Bmp.Height - 1 do begin
ScanLine := _Bmp.ScanLine[y];
for x := 0 to _Bmp.Width - 1 do begin
// monochrome: all 3 colors set to the same value
ScanLine[x].Red := _Buffer^;
ScanLine[x].Green := _Buffer^;
ScanLine[x].Blue := _Buffer^;
Inc(_Buffer);
end;
end;
end;
// [...]
fBmp.PixelFormat := pf24Bit;
FBmp.Monochrome := False;
CopyToBitmap(Buffer, fBmp);
I would rather use a bitmap in pf8Bit format which I tried:
procedure CopyToBitmapMono8(_Buffer: PByte; _Bmp: TBitmap);
var
y: Integer;
x: Integer;
ScanLine: PByteArray;
begin
for y := 0 to _Bmp.Height - 1 do begin
ScanLine := _Bmp.ScanLine[y];
for x := 0 to _Bmp.Width - 1 do begin
ScanLine[x] := _Buffer^;
Inc(_Buffer);
end;
end;
end;
// [...]
FBmp.PixelFormat := pf8bit;
FBmp.Monochrome := False; // I also tried Monochrome := true
CopyToBitmapMono8(Buffer, FBmp)
If MonoChrome is true, the picture only has about 1/4 of the expected width, the rest is white.
If MonoChrome is false, the picture has the expected width, but the left 1/4 of it is monochrome, the rest contains false colors.
I'm obviously missing something, but what?
EDIT: The effect that the bitmap is only 1/4 of the expected size apparently was a side effect of converting it to a JPEG for saving prior to displaying it (code that I did not show above, mea culpa). So the problem was simply that I did not set a monochrome palette for the bitmap.
Monochrome has sense for pf1bit bitmaps.
Otherwise Monochrome := True changes bitmap format to DDB (pfDevice). Your screen is 32-bit, so call to Scanline caused DibNeeded call and transformation to 32bit, and using of function CopyToBitmapMono8 (intended for 8-bit) filled only 1/4 of screen.
For proper usage of 8-bit bitmaps you have to change standard weird palette (used in the right part of last image) to gray one.
procedure CopyToBitmapMono8(_Buffer: PByte; _Bmp: TBitmap);
var
y: Integer;
x: Integer;
ScanLine: PByteArray;
begin
for y := 0 to _Bmp.Height - 1 do begin
ScanLine := _Bmp.ScanLine[y];
for x := 0 to _Bmp.Width - 1 do begin
ScanLine[x] := _Buffer^;
Inc(_Buffer);
end;
end;
end;
var
FBmp: TBitmap;
Buffer: PbyteArray;
i: integer;
begin
GetMem(Buffer, 512 * 100);
for i := 0 to 512 * 100 - 1 do
Buffer[i] := (i and 511) div 2; // gray gradient
FBmp := Tbitmap.Create;
FBmp.Width := 512;
FBmp.Height := 100;
FBmp.PixelFormat := pf8bit;
CopyToBitmapMono8(PByte(Buffer), FBmp);
Canvas.Draw(0, 0, FBmp);
//now right approach
FBmp.Palette := MakeGrayPalette; // try to comment
CopyToBitmapMono8(PByte(Buffer), FBmp);
Canvas.Draw(0, 110, FBmp);
end;
function TForm1.MakeGrayPalette: HPalette;
var
i: integer;
lp: TMaxLogPalette;
begin
lp.palVersion := $300;
lp.palNumEntries := 256;
for i := 0 TO 255 do begin
lp.palPalEntry[i].peRed := i;
lp.palPalEntry[i].peGreen := i;
lp.palPalEntry[i].peBlue := i;
lp.palPalEntry[i].peFlags := PC_RESERVED;
end;
Result := CreatePalette(pLogPalette(#lp)^);
end;
And example at efg2 page

How to save an imagelist as one bitmap like a tilesheet?

I have an image list containing several bitmaps which I would like to save together as one single bitmap, but I need it saving just like how a spritesheet or tilesheet is drawn in 2d and rpg games etc.
Typically the tilesheet is drawn with several images across (in a row), so for example if I wanted a maximum of 6 images per row, it will only draw 6, with further images been drawn underneath in a new row.
I can save it in one single row like so:
var
CurrentFrame: Integer;
StripWidth: Integer;
Strip: TBitmap;
Bmp: TBitmap;
I: Integer;
begin
if SaveDialog.Execute then
begin
StripWidth := ImageList1.Width * ImageList1.Count - ImageList1.Width;
CurrentFrame := - ImageList1.Width;
Strip := TBitmap.Create;
try
Strip.SetSize(StripWidth, ImageList1.Height);
Bmp := TBitmap.Create;
try
for I := 0 to ImageList1.Count - 1 do
begin
CurrentFrame := CurrentFrame + ImageList1.Width;
ImageList1.GetImage(I, Bmp);
Strip.Canvas.Draw(CurrentFrame, 0, Bmp);
end;
finally
Bmp.Free;
end;
Strip.SaveToFile(SaveDialog.FileName);
finally
Strip.Free;
end;
end;
end;
So imagine the result for the above is:
The result I want is something like:
So the above would have considered in the procedure/ function a parameter to allow only 3 images per row as an example.
How do I export all images from an imagelist into one single bitmap, allowing only x amount if images to be drawn horizontally before creating a new row?
Thanks.
EDIT
Thanks to David's answer, I put together these procedures:
procedure DrawImageOnSheet(Images: TImageList; Sheet: TBitmap;
ImageIndex, X, Y: Integer);
var
Bitmap: TBitmap;
begin
Bitmap := TBitmap.Create;
try
Images.GetBitmap(ImageIndex, Bitmap);
Sheet.Canvas.Draw(X, Y, Bitmap);
finally
Bitmap.Free;
end;
end;
procedure SaveImageListAsSheet(Images: TImageList; FileName: string;
NumberOfColumns: Integer);
var
Sheet: TBitmap;
nImage: Integer;
nCol: Integer;
nRow: Integer;
nToDraw: Integer;
nRemaining: Integer;
ImageIndex: Integer;
X, Y: Integer;
I: Integer;
begin
Sheet := TBitmap.Create;
try
nImage := Images.Count;
nCol := NumberOfColumns;
nRow := (nImage + nCol - 1) div nCol;
Sheet.Height := nRow * Images.Height;
Sheet.Width := nCol * Images.Width;
nRemaining := nImage;
ImageIndex := 0;
Y := 0;
while nRemaining > 0 do
begin
nToDraw := Math.Min(nRemaining, nCol);
X := 0;
for I := 0 to nToDraw - 1 do
begin
DrawImageOnSheet(Images, Sheet, ImageIndex, X, Y);
Inc(ImageIndex);
Inc(X, Images.Width);
end;
Inc(Y, Images.Height);
Dec(nRemaining, nToDraw);
end;
Sheet.SaveToFile(FileName);
finally
Sheet.Free;
end;
end;
According to clarification from the comments, you are struggling with the counting of the images, the organisation of the rows/columns and so on. So, let's assume you already have this function which draws image ImageIndex to the output bitmap at a position of X, Y.
procedure Draw(ImageIndex, X, Y: Integer);
Let's also assume that the images have dimensions given by ImageWidth and ImageHeight. Finally, there are nImage images and you want to have nCol images per column.
So, first of all, how many rows do you need?
nRow := (nImage + nCol - 1) div nCol;
Now you can set the size of the output bitmap. Its width is nCol * ImageWidth and its height is nRow * ImageHeight.
Now to draw the images.
nRemaining := nImage;
ImageIndex := 0;
Y := 0;
while nRemaining > 0 do
begin
nToDraw := Math.Min(nRemaining, nCol);
X := 0;
for i := 0 to nToDraw - 1 do
begin
Draw(ImageIndex, X, Y);
inc(ImageIndex);
inc(X, ImageWidth);
end;
inc(Y, ImageHeight);
dec(nRemaining, nToDraw);
end;

How to calculate an area of a Windows region (HRGN) in pixels?

What is the fastest way of getting the area of any arbitrary Windows region?
I know I can enumerate all points of bounding rectangle and call the PtInRegion() function but it seems not very fast. Maybe you know some faster way?
When you call GetRegionData, you'll get a list of non-overlapping rectangles that make up the region. Add up their areas, something like this:
function GetRegionArea(rgn: HRgn): Cardinal;
var
x: DWord;
Data: PRgnData;
Header: PRgnDataHeader;
Rects: PRect;
Width, Height: Integer;
i: Integer;
begin
x := GetRegionData(rgn, 0, nil);
Win32Check(x <> 0);
GetMem(Data, x);
try
x := GetRegionData(rgn, x, Data);
Win32Check(x <> 0);
Header := PRgnDataHeader(Data);
Assert(Header.iType = rdh_Rectangles);
Assert(Header.dwSize = SizeOf(Header^));
Rects := PRect(Cardinal(Header) + Header.dwSize);
// equivalent: Rects := PRect(#Data.Buffer);
Result := 0;
for i := 0 to Pred(Header.nCount) do begin
Width := Rects.Right - Rects.Left;
Height := Rects.Bottom - Rects.Top;
Inc(Result, Width * Height);
Inc(Rects);
end;
finally
FreeMem(Data);
end;
end;

Moving bitmap pixels

If I wanted to move / shift the pixels of a bitmap how could I do so?
procedure MovePixels(Bitmap: TBitmap; Horizontal, Vertical: Integer);
begin
{ move the Bitmap pixels to new position }
end;
Example:
By calling MovePixels(Image1.Picture.Bitmap, 20, 20) for example would output like so:
It would be useful to also specify / change the color of the canvas that is left showing after moving the pixels. So in this example that gray / brown color could be blue etc.
I noticed there is Bitmap.Canvas.Pixels and Bitmap.Canvas.MoveTo properties, is this what I would need to do this?
I really don't know and I bet it is so simple..
You can't easily move pixels, but you can make a copy.
var
Source, Dest: TRect;
....
Source := Rect(0, 0, Bitmap.Width, Bitmap.Height);
Dest := Source;
Dest.Offset(X, Y);
Bitmap.Canvas.CopyRect(Dest, Bitmap.Canvas, Source);
What remains is to fill in the space with the colour of your choice which I am sure you can do easily enough with a couple of calls to FillRect.
However, I think that it would be simpler not to attempt this in-place. Instead I would create a new bitmap. Perhaps like this:
function CreateMovedImage(Bitmap: TBitmap; X, Y: Integer; BackColor: TColor): TBitmap;
var
Source, Dest: TRect;
begin
Source := Rect(0, 0, Bitmap.Width, Bitmap.Height);
Dest := Source;
Dest.Offset(X, Y);
Result := TBitmap.Create;
Try
Result.SetSize(Bitmap.Width, Bitmap.Height);
Result.Canvas.Brush.Style := bsSolid;
Result.Canvas.Brush.Color := BackColor;
Result.Canvas.FillRect(Source);
Result.Canvas.CopyRect(Dest, Bitmap.Canvas, Source);
Except
Result.Free;
raise;
End;
end;

Resources