#property declaration without #synthesizing - ios

Question

I am following Big Nerd Ranch iOS Programming by Joe Conway and am kinda puzzled when I saw the following code.
WebViewController.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#interface WebViewController : UIViewController
#property (nonatomic, readonly) UIWebView *webView;
#end
WebViewController.m
#import "WebViewController.h"
#implementation WebViewController
- (void)loadView
{
// Create an instance of UIWebView as large as the screen
// Tell web view to scale web content to fit within bounds of webview
}
- (UIWebView *)webView
{
return (UIWebView *)[self view];
}
#end
Shouldn't one synthesize the property declared in .h file? Xcode didn't give an warning either (which it usually does when I declare a property with synthesizing).
By the way, in the book, he also mentioned
In WebViewController.h, add a property (but not an instance variable)
Doesn't declaring a property automatically generate an instance variable for you? Let me know what I missed. Thanks.

Answer 1

This is a good question, and one to which I think the answer is a bit subtle and often not immediate to people starting out with Objective-C. First of all let's dispel a myth about properties. The myth is this:
Objective-C properties are related to instance variables.
This is not necessarily true. It is often true, but not true in every case. Here's what is true:
An Objective-C property declares a getter and a setter method
(Or in the case of a readonly property, just a getter). In particular when you declare a property called foo (for the sake of discussion, let's assume it's not readonly), the only thing you are really doing is telling the compiler that the class you're writing has a method called -foo and a method called -setFoo:. By adding an #synthesize foo; declaration into the .m file, you are telling the compiler to generate those methods itself. Here you are saying, "Compiler, create an instance variable (also called foo) and generate implementations for my -foo and setFoo: methods that access this instance variable. In particular, return the value of this variable in -foo and set the value of the variable in -setFoo:.
Note, it is not necessary to have the compiler synthesize the methods for you. Rather, you can write -foo and -setFoo: yourself. Furthermore, you are not in any way required to create an instance variable to support the implementation of these methods. You can write them however you wish.
To summarize: the #property only tells the compiler about the existence of the getter and setter methods. You can then either: #synthesize the methods in your .m or write the methods yourself.

Answer 2

This is because the "webView" getter method is implemented in the .m file and because of that, "#synthesize" isn't necessary.
If a "webView" method wasn't explictly created in code, then the compiler would complain about the property not being synthesized. Synthesizing a "read only" property, in this case, would only create a "getter" method which would do roughly the same thing you see in the code up there.
And yes, according to the Apple docs on declared properties, it says this about "#synthesize":
You use the #synthesize directive to tell the compiler that it should synthesize the setter and/or getter methods for a property if
you do not supply them within the #implementation block. The
#synthesize directive also synthesizes an appropriate instance
variable if it is not otherwise declared.