I am trying to find the document that specifies the standard for pthreads. I've seen various links which point to IEEE 1003.1c-1995 (i.e. Wikipedia or OpenGroup). However when I searched for this document on the IEEE standards site I eventually found this page which said "Superseded Standard."
The IEEE page for 1003.1c-1995 did have a note that said: "Abstract not available. See ISO/IEC 9945-1." Searching for that on Google led me to a page for ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 but the status said "withdrawn."
So my question is what is the current active standard for pthreads? Even better would be if there was a link to a free version of the standard, but it looks like most of the links I've seen for standards cost money. But I figure if I can find out the actual standard then I might try to see if I can access it through my school's library. But first I want to know what document I should be looking for.
I believe you want ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009 as it is newer than ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 , which was revised ISO/IEC 9945-1:2003 and ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945:2009 revised that.
The following POSIX FAQ provides additional information, specifically relevant Q4. Where can I download the 1003.1 standard from? and includes links to a free HTML online version that requires registration here.
There is understandably a lot of confusion around the relevant standards. We have:
ISO/IEC 9945
IEEE 1003.1
POSIX.1
Single Unix Specification
The Open Group Base Specifications
Possibly others
Why so many different standards? I'm sure it's mostly historical. At one point some or all of these standards might have referred to their own thing. But the simplest answer is that, today, all of these specifications are now just different names for the same thing*. Here is the opening sentence from the online version of The Open Group Base Specifications, Issue 7:
POSIX.1-2008 is simultaneously IEEE Std 1003.1™-2008 and The Open Group Technical Standard Base Specifications, Issue 7
Some of the standards bodies do not provide free or registration-free access to their copies of the standard. However, The Open Group does allow free (and registration-free) access to the current issue of their online copy.
*The Single Unix Specification may not be exactly the same; it seems it contains everything in POSIX, plus the X/Open Curses standard.
Related
Context
A friend of mine is having trouble printing source code to a human readable format.
The compiled (I assume) programs of their welding robot have the .rpg extension. They want to collect print-outs in human-readable format, possibly for backup or future reference.
Their supplier can provide the software that accomplishes this, be it at a considerable cost (and possibly: an annual license). Because of this, my friend decided to ask me if a easier/cheaper solution exists.
Examples & Pictures
The files can be read on the console of the robot, an example:
I've done some minor research and I'm fairly sure this is the Report Program Generator (RPG) language developed by IBM. The Assembly-like syntax seems to match; it might be one of the later versions of the language.
My friend has send me an example .rpg file, the contents seem binary with some string literals scattered throughout. Screenshot of the contents of an example file in hexadecimal:
The Question
There is not much, if any, clear information to be found online so I suppose I have multiple questions (for anyone that might know more about this):
Is this (first image) Report Program Generator (RPG) code?
Does the .rpg file contain compiled or processed code? Maybe an intermediate format?
Is it possible to convert files as shown in the example, back to source-code or human-readable format, kind of 'disassemble' it?
If anyone knows more, don't hesitate to give me any information or ask more details if necessary. Thanks in advance!
And maybe not an important question but still something that bugs me (and might indicate I'm on the wrong track):
If this is indeed an RPG program, why would the compiled/processed binary have the .rpg extension, shouldn't the source-file have that? This leads me to believe I'm either (a) assuming the wrong things (the language, etc...) or (b) this is an intermediate format, easier for machines to read, that has to be interpreted by some kind of runtime system.
I don't think that's any version of IBM's RPG language. RPG does have a MOVEL opcode, but it doesn't have any of the others.
Also, all the versions of the IBM language have been intended for business programming. I doubt that it would have been used for robotics.
My guess is that's a proprietary language of the company that makes the robot.
There are some similarities but it does not look like IBM RPG language.
RPG sources are in fact source physical file members. They are not stored in the "traditional" file system but in OS/400 libraries. Therefore RPG sources have no extension. They can be converted to Integrated File System stream file though.
I can't answer this question I'm afraid as it's unknown language to me.
I expect possibly that the OP misidentifies the file type/extension; that the extension is actually .prg, and the files serve as instructions for a Panasonic Industrial Welding Robot. The following forum [drilled down to Panasonic Robots] bills itself as the biggest Industrial Robots Supportforum worldwide!; perhaps a good place to ask about those images provided in the OP, and the inquiry about getting source from what appears to be a binary instruction stream.
FWiW, the first image seems to show that the Ezed utility [on the console] gives that human-readable format, so then the question might be how to get that saved and then how to transfer that elsewhere; e.g. what type of comm ports and file transfer utilities are available from whatever platform/OS.
While this question is asking for a downloadable documentation in general, I'm currently trying to find a good way to print the official Play framework documentation. My problem is that the whole documentation (available online) is split into small chunks of information and printing the whole documentation would mean hundreds of print jobs, each wasting a significant amount of paper. Is there some way to convert the whole documentation in a single/compact printable format? This would make a nice holiday reading :).
Apparently PDF documentation disappeared since Play version 2.1.0, I can see that is still available in 2.0.x if this satisfies you...
Anything I can advice is making a static copy of the pages so you can read it with some smartphone or tablet.
We are developing an Application which runs on various plattforms (Windows, Windows RT, MacOSX, iOS, Android).
The Problem is how to manage the different localizations on the different Platforms in an Easy Way. The Language Files on the different platforms have various formats (some are xml based, others are simple key-value pairs and others are totally crazy formats like on MacOS)
I'm sure, we aren't the first company with this problem, but I wasn't able to find an easy to use solution o achive the possibility to have one "datasource" where the strings are collected in different languages (the best would be an User Interface for the translators) and then can export it to the different formats for the different platforms.
Does anybody has a solution for this problem?
Greetings
Alexander
I recommend using GNU Gettext toolchain for management and at runtime use either
some alternate implementation for runtime reading like Boost.Locale,
own implementation (the .mo format is pretty trivial) or
use Translate Toolkit to convert the message catalogs to some other format of your liking.
You can't use the libintl component of GNU Gettext, because it is licensed under LGPL and terms of both Apple AppStore and Windows Live Store are incompatible with that license. But it is really trivial to reimplement the bit you need at runtime.
The Translate Toolkit actually reimplements all or most of GNU Gettext and supports many additional localization formats, but the Gettext .po format has most free tools for it (e.g. poedit for local editing and Weblate for online editing) so I recommend sticking with it anyway. And read the GNU Gettext manual, it describes the intended process and rationale behind it well.
I have quite good experience with the toolchain. The Translate Toolkit is easy to script when you need some special processing like extracting translatable strings from your custom resource files and Weblate is easy to use for your translators, especially when you rely on business partners and testers in various countries for most translations like we do.
Translate Toolkit also supports extracting translatable strings from HTML, so the same process can be used for translating your web site.
I did a project for iPhone and Android which had many translations and I think I have exactly the solution you're looking for.
The way I solved it was to put all translation texts in an Excel spreadsheet and use a VBA macro to generate the .string and .xml translation files from there. You can download my example Excel sheet plus VBA macro here:
http://members.home.nl/bas.de.reuver/files/multilanguage.zip
Just recently I've also added preliminary Visual Studio .resx output, although that's untested.
edit:
btw also my javascript xcode/eclipse converter might be of use..
you can store your translations on https://l10n.ws and get it via they API
Disclaimer: I am the CTO and Co-Founder at Tethras, but will try to answer this in a way that is not just "Use our service".
As loldop points out above, you really need to normalize your content across all platforms if you want to have a one-stop solution for managing your localized content. This can be a lot of work, and would require much coding and scripting and calling of various tools from the different SDKs to arrive at a common format that would service the localization needs of all the various file formats you need to support. The length and complexity of my previous sentence is inversely proportional to the amount of work you would need to do to arrive at a favorable solution for all of this.
At Tethras, we have built a platform that alleviates the need for multi-platform software publishers to have to do this. We support all of the native formats from the platforms you list above, and can leverage translations from one file format to another. For example, translate the content in Localizable.strings from your iOS app into a number of languages, then upload your equivalent strings.xml file from Android or foo.resx from Windows RT to the system, and it will leverage translations for you automatically. Any untranslated strings will be flagged and you can order updates for these strings.
In effect, Tethras is a CMS for localized content across many different native files formats.
Many customers of mine use a software for doing digital signatures. This software is called Dike and it is provided from the italian chamber of commerce and it interfaces to smart card hardware like this.
Now I would like from my application to do the digital signatures, bypassing the software that does it.
Is it possible to do this in Delphi, did anyone already did it? I would like to add timestamp too.
NOTE FOR BOUNTY:
I don't know how this is important outside of Italy, anyway in Italy there is a law that requires that certain documents are stored with particular rules. TO implmemetn this it is mandatory to digital sign and put a time stamp on the file (pfd files).
Basically I ask "is it there anyonw that already imlpemented this in Delphi and found a succesful way. Can you share your results?".
Basically there is a million of USB smartcard readers, I don't want to start supporting million of drivers in my application (I write an app that is in part a document management system), if there were seomthing like TWAIN is there for image scanner it would be great.
I could also accept the limitation to link to a specific hardware, so I can say if you want this feature you must buy this hardware, I don't want to support all the existing hardware or timestamp/digital signatures web services.
So what I am looking for is Time Stamp and Digital Signature for pdf files for Delphi 1-0-1. I hope I expressed my self if not please ask.
Our SecureBlackbox product provides full scope of PKI functionality including signing and timestamping data using CMS and CAdES formats and certificates can be located on PKCS#11-compatible smartcards. If you are looking for PDF signing and timestamping, then SecureBlackbox supports them as well (via PAdES standard).
SecureBlackbox is available for Delphi 4 to XE2 and supports 64-bit Windows.
We have clients form Italy who do exactly what you need.
You mays also look at Gnostice PDFToolkit VCL wich allow you to "edit, secure, merge, split, view, digitally sign PDF documents".
with signtool:
c:\BinPath\signtool.exe sign /f c:\BinPath\Mypfxfile.pfx /p MyPassword
/t http:// timestamp.verisign.com/scripts/timstamp.dll c:\BinPath\Project1.exe
I am developing applications for mobile phones with different operating systems (Android, Symbian, iPhone). Applications are sold internationally so they need to be translated to different languages in addition to english version.
I assume most mobile developers do the translations using some paid external service each time. This approach does not look very cost-effective to me. Would it make sense to have a website where simple translations would be done using crowdsourcing (other developers)? Most strings in mobile applications are very simple and short, for example "OK, "Cancel", "Are you sure?", "Please enter your password". Also the same strings are used in hundreds of applications. Instead of paying for translating all strings, developers could save money by only buying their difficult application specific translations.
Does anyone agree with this idea? I have seen many opensource projects doing the translations succesfully using volunteers.
I just found solution for me. Many users find this question in Google so I think my post must be helpful:
This is solution for us: crowdin.com - agile localization solution for tech companies
Microsoft allows you to view their terminology database: https://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Default.aspx
That covers about 90 languages and will get you the things you mention such as common button captions, etc.
The problem you are facing after that is to try to get only the strings translated that you want. Most translators are going to charge you a minimum number of words. And they are going to want the entire resource file (regardless if you translated them yourself or not). Makes sense because localizing a product means that they need to have the whole picture to ensure consistency, etc. Professional translators will probably not charge you for what they call 100% matches.
I would never ever trust the translation of my product to crowd sourcing. Ever. You get what you pay for. Besides, just because you speak a language natively doesn't mean that you can write well, etc.
How do you check the crowd sourcing translation results for accuracy and quality? In a famous and documented occurrence recently the phrase "No lorries by this route please use the main road" was translated into "We are out of the office until Monday please contact us again then" and turned into road signs that were erected.
Crowd sourcing translation has been used and FaceBook is probably the largest company i know of that tried/used it. I have not tracked their progress but you could investigate it to see it's success or otherwise. Their method of quality checking was to get other people using the translations to vote for the one they preferred, so this was a case of crowd sourcing quality control. At this point the proposal that a camel is a horse designed by a committee jumps unbidden into my mind.
Translation, in spite of all the machine pumped into it, is still more of an art than a science. To translate correctly you need to have a native speaker translating from another language into their own. So for English to German you need a native German speaker who can speak English very well to do it. Within the profession very, very few translators will translate to a language in which they are non native. The reasons for this are many but boil down to the colloquial nature of language.
To be positive you could look at how Facebook fared and follow that route. Another route would be to approach not translators, but a translation agency, there are quite a number of these. Present them with the whole corpus you want translating in the original English and get them to quote you for the whole job. This would mean someone else manhging the job and the quality and they may have shortcuts, especially if the translations are to fairly standard "computerese" type phrases. i.e.'Home', 'Back', 'Next', 'Click here' etc.