I have a step that fails with the following...
expected #has_content?("July 4, 2009") to return true, got false
The problem, I think, is the extra space between "July" and "4". I am using published_on.to_s(:long) in both the step definition and the view, so I'm not entirely sure where the extra space is coming from.
Any ideas?
It's what happens when you try:
Date.civil(2010, 7, 4).strftime("%e") # => " 4"
And Rails uses %e in their :long format. The funny thing is that %e isn't documented.
I would adjust my step definition to match Ruby behavior if you don't care about the extra space (extra spaces won't show in HTML anyway). If you do care about it, squish it:
Date.civil(2010, 7, 4).to_s(:long).squish # => "July 4, 2010"
Squish is avaiable in Rails 3. If you're using Rails 2, you can use gsub:
Date.civil(2010, 7, 4).to_s(:long).gsub(/\s+/, " ") # => "July 4, 2010"
I ran into the same problem with my cucumber test today!
The problem (as iain pointed out) is that Date::DATE_FORMATS[:long] is "%B %e, %Y". The %e, according to ri strftime, yields a blank-padded day number:
%d - Day of the month, zero-padded (01..31)
%-d no-padded (1..31)
%e - Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)
So by default, this is what I see in Rails 3.1.3:
> d = '2012-02-01'.to_date
=> Wed, 01 Feb 2012
> d.to_s(:long)
=> "February 1, 2012"
Strangely, Rails uses a different day format for the :long format of times (%d, which yields "01") as for dates (%e, which yields " 1"):
> d = '2012-02-01'.to_time
=> 2012-02-01 00:00:00 UTC
> d.to_s(:long)
=> "February 01, 2012 00:00"
> Time::DATE_FORMATS[:long]
=> "%B %d, %Y %H:%M"
> Date::DATE_FORMATS[:long]
=> "%B %e, %Y"
The solution then is to use "%-d" for the day in your format string instead of %e:
> Date::DATE_FORMATS[:long] = "%B %-d, %Y"
=> "%B %-d, %Y"
> d = '2012-02-01'.to_date
Wed, 01 Feb 2012
> d.to_s(:long)
=> "February 1, 2012"
You can just add this line to a new initializer, config/initializers/date_formats.rb:
Date::DATE_FORMATS[:long] = "%B %-d, %Y"
Please comment on https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/1994 if you would like to see this default changed in Rails.
For what it's worth, I would rather use the "%-d" fix (or even "%-e"! which gives the same results) than ".squish", which is Rails-specific, and not as portable (why not use the Ruby-native ".squeeze", or even ".squeeze(' ')" at that then, if you don't want to mess around with the date formats?).
Also, as an update: #iain mentions that '%e' isn't documented. For what it's worth, it is now! (although interestingly, not "%-e" specifically, which, if you do try it, is valid, and works!)
Related
I've got a strange problem with date translations in my Ruby On Rails 3 application, and I really don't understand why...
Here are my en.yml and fr.yml :
fr:
date:
formats:
default: "%d/%m/%Y"
short: "%e %b"
long: "%e %B %Y"
time:
formats:
default: "%d %B %Y %H:%M:%S"
short: "%d %b %H:%M"
long: "%A %d %B %Y %H:%M"
am: 'am'
pm: 'pm'
en:
date:
formats:
default: "%Y-%m-%d"
long: "%B %d, %Y"
short: "%b %d"
time:
am: am
formats:
default: ! '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z'
long: ! '%B %d, %Y %H:%M'
short: ! '%d %b %H:%M'
pm: pm
This is not specific to a particuliar view, but for instance in one of my view :
<td><%=l job_application.created_at, :format => :default %></td>
I get those strange outputs :
With locale = :en
=> t, 30 o 2012 18:09:33 +0000
With locale = :fr
=> 30 o 2012 18:09:33
Where do these wrong "formats" come from ?
I'm using Rails 3.2.8 (with Postgresql / gem pg), and everything related to I18n works fine except for dates.
Thanks for any help !
I think I've finally figured this out, sorry for taking so long.
The Rails l helper just calls I18n.localize. If you trace through the I18n.localize code, you'll end up here:
format = format.to_s.gsub(/%[aAbBp]/) do |match|
case match
when '%a' then I18n.t(:"date.abbr_day_names", :locale => locale, :format => format)[object.wday]
when '%A' then I18n.t(:"date.day_names", :locale => locale, :format => format)[object.wday]
when '%b' then I18n.t(:"date.abbr_month_names", :locale => locale, :format => format)[object.mon]
when '%B' then I18n.t(:"date.month_names", :locale => locale, :format => format)[object.mon]
when '%p' then I18n.t(:"time.#{object.hour < 12 ? :am : :pm}", :locale => locale, :format => format) if object.respond_to? :hour
end
end
So the localize helper doesn't use strftime for the "stringy" parts of the date/time, it tries to do it by itself. Add the translations (as arrays in your YAML) for the month and day names as above and your localized dates and times should start working.
If you don't have those translation arrays in your YAML, then I18n.t(:"date.abbr_month_names") will give you strings like this:
"translation missing: en.date.abbr_month_names"
and then I18n.localize will end up doing silly things like this:
"translation missing: en.date.abbr_month_names"[10]
That will use String#[] instead of the expected Array#[] and you end up with random looking single character month and day names.
Where do these wrong "formats" come from ?
Because created_at is a DateTime, rails using time formats (not date).
https://github.com/svenfuchs/rails-i18n/blob/master/rails/locale/en.yml#L195
time:
am: am
formats:
default: ! '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z'
Type in your console
I18n.t(:"date")
to check if you are getting the translations you defined in your translation .yml file.
Compare the structure with the standard EN locale
I18n.t(:"date", locale:'en')
That made me notice I was declaring the date: attribute twice in my .yml, and the first part was being overwritten by the second declaration.
You should get the abbr_month_names that you declared when calling
I18n.t(:"date.abbr_month_names")
These are the ones that will be used when calling %b.
If not, check your locale .yml file to make sure they are properly declared, and not being declared twice.
You may also call I18n.locale to check if the .yml file you are editing is the one being used by rails
I'm trying to parse some bits through the google analytics cookie parser, I have this:
:Time_of_first_visit__c => Time.new(#data.utma_hash.fetch(:initial_visit_at)).to_datetime.to_formatted_s(:long),
:Time_of_previous_visit__c => Time.new(#data.utma_hash.fetch(:previous_visit_at)).to_datetime.to_formatted_s(:long),
:Current_visit_time__c => Time.new(#data.utma_hash.fetch(:current_visit_at)).to_datetime.to_formatted_s(:long),
But it's rendered like this:
Time of first visit
January 01, 1375174064 00:00
Current visit time
January 01, 1375174064 00:00
Time of previous visit
January 01, 1375174064 00:00
try to remove to_formatted_s(:long) and use it as argument of I18n.l
example:
I18n.l Time.new(#data.utma_hash.fetch(:initial_visit_at)).to_datetime
Of course you need a specification of datetime formats in your language .yml file, but it should work with the default one you can find in the official guides
This was the code I went with in the end:
:Time_of_first_visit__c => Time.at(#data.utma_hash.fetch(:initial_visit_at).to_i + 1.hour).strftime("%B %e, %Y at %I:%M %p"),
:Time_of_previous_visit__c => Time.at(#data.utma_hash.fetch(:previous_visit_at).to_i + 1.hour).strftime("%B %e, %Y at %I:%M %p"),
:Current_visit_time__c => Time.at(#data.utma_hash.fetch(:current_visit_at).to_i + 1.hour).strftime("%B %e, %Y at %I:%M %p"),
I am using this I18n file.
I am calling it in my view like this:
<td class="center"><%= l o.created_at %></td>
This is being outputted like this:
Mon, 22 May 2013 04:04:43 +0000
For starters, why is it displaying May 22, 2013 and not April 22?
When I do it in the console, I get this:
> o.created_at
=> Mon, 22 Apr 2013 04:04:43 UTC +00:00
I don't want it to display the time, or rather would prefer to just say something like:
Monday, April 22, 2013 # 4:04am
How do I do that?
You can add custom date/time formats to your translation file. To see what time-based substitutions are possible, consult a reference for strfime
formats:
default: ! '%Y-%m-%d'
long: ! '%B %d, %Y'
short: ! '%b %d'
custom: ! '%A, %M %B, %Y # %l:%M%P'
In your view, you'd make use as follows:
<%= l o.created_at, :format => :custom %>
You may need to get rid of blank entries in your en.yml file to correct your translation errors.
The flickr api provides a posted date as unix timestamp one: "The posted date is always passed around as a unix timestamp, which is an unsigned integer specifying the number of seconds since Jan 1st 1970 GMT."
For example, here is the date '1100897479'. How do I format it using Ruby on Rails?
Once you have parsed the timestamp string and have a time object (see other answers for details), you can use Time.to_formatted_s from Rails. It has several formats built in that you can specify with symbols.
Quote:
time = Time.now # => Thu Jan 18 06:10:17 CST 2007
time.to_formatted_s(:time) # => "06:10"
time.to_s(:time) # => "06:10"
time.to_formatted_s(:db) # => "2007-01-18 06:10:17"
time.to_formatted_s(:number) # => "20070118061017"
time.to_formatted_s(:short) # => "18 Jan 06:10"
time.to_formatted_s(:long) # => "January 18, 2007 06:10"
time.to_formatted_s(:long_ordinal) # => "January 18th, 2007 06:10"
time.to_formatted_s(:rfc822) # => "Thu, 18 Jan 2007 06:10:17 -0600"
(Time.to_s is an alias)
You can also define your own formats - usually in an initializer (Thanks to Dave Newton for pointing this out). This is how it's done:
# config/initializers/time_formats.rb
Time::DATE_FORMATS[:month_and_year] = "%B %Y"
Time::DATE_FORMATS[:short_ordinal] = lambda { |time| time.strftime("%B #{time.day.ordinalize}") }
Here's my go at answering this,
so first you will need to convert the timestamp to an actual Ruby Date/Time. If you receive it just as a string or int from facebook, you will need to do something like this:
my_date = Time.at(timestamp_from_facebook.to_i)
OK, so now assuming you already have your date object...
to_formatted_s is a handy Ruby function that turns dates into formatted strings.
Here are some examples of its usage:
time = Time.now # => Thu Jan 18 06:10:17 CST 2007
time.to_formatted_s(:time) # => "06:10"
time.to_s(:time) # => "06:10"
time.to_formatted_s(:db) # => "2007-01-18 06:10:17"
time.to_formatted_s(:number) # => "20070118061017"
time.to_formatted_s(:short) # => "18 Jan 06:10"
time.to_formatted_s(:long) # => "January 18, 2007 06:10"
time.to_formatted_s(:long_ordinal) # => "January 18th, 2007 06:10"
time.to_formatted_s(:rfc822) # => "Thu, 18 Jan 2007 06:10:17 -0600"
As you can see: :db, :number, :short ... are custom date formats.
To add your own custom format, you can create this file: config/initializers/time_formats.rb and add your own formats there, for example here's one:
Date::DATE_FORMATS[:month_day_comma_year] = "%B %e, %Y" # January 28, 2015
Where :month_day_comma_year is your format's name (you can change this to anything you want), and where %B %e, %Y is unix date format.
Here's a quick cheatsheet on unix date syntax, so you can quickly setup your custom format:
From http://linux.die.net/man/3/strftime
%a - The abbreviated weekday name (``Sun'')
%A - The full weekday name (``Sunday'')
%b - The abbreviated month name (``Jan'')
%B - The full month name (``January'')
%c - The preferred local date and time representation
%d - Day of the month (01..31)
%e - Day of the month without leading 0 (1..31)
%g - Year in YY (00-99)
%H - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)
%I - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)
%j - Day of the year (001..366)
%m - Month of the year (01..12)
%M - Minute of the hour (00..59)
%p - Meridian indicator (``AM'' or ``PM'')
%S - Second of the minute (00..60)
%U - Week number of the current year,
starting with the first Sunday as the first
day of the first week (00..53)
%W - Week number of the current year,
starting with the first Monday as the first
day of the first week (00..53)
%w - Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)
%x - Preferred representation for the date alone, no time
%X - Preferred representation for the time alone, no date
%y - Year without a century (00..99)
%Y - Year with century
%Z - Time zone name
%% - Literal ``%'' character
t = Time.now
t.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y") #=> "Printed on 04/09/2003"
t.strftime("at %I:%M%p") #=> "at 08:56AM"
Hope this helped you.
I've also made a github gist of this little guide, in case anyone prefers.
Easiest is to use strftime (docs).
If it's for use on the view side, better to wrap it in a helper, though.
#CMW's answer is bang on the money. I've added this answer as an example of how to configure an initializer so that both Date and Time objects get the formatting
config/initializers/time_formats.rb
date_formats = {
concise: '%d-%b-%Y' # 13-Jan-2014
}
Time::DATE_FORMATS.merge! date_formats
Date::DATE_FORMATS.merge! date_formats
Also the following two commands will iterate through all the DATE_FORMATS in your current environment, and display today's date and time in each format:
Date::DATE_FORMATS.keys.each{|k| puts [k,Date.today.to_formatted_s(k)].join(':- ')}
Time::DATE_FORMATS.keys.each{|k| puts [k,Time.now.to_formatted_s(k)].join(':- ')}
Have a look at localize, or l
eg:
l Time.at(1100897479)
First you will need to convert the timestamp to an actual Ruby Date/Time.
If you receive it just as a string or int from facebook, you will need to do something like this:
my_date = Time.at(timestamp_from_facebook.to_i)
Then to format it nicely in the view, you can just use to_s (for the default formatting):
<%= my_date.to_s %>
Note that if you don't put to_s, it will still be called by default if you use it in a view or in a string e.g. the following will also call to_s on the date:
<%= "Here is a date: #{my_date}" %>
or if you want the date formatted in a specific way (eg using "d/m/Y") - you can use strftime as outlined in the other answer.
Since the timestamps are seconds since the UNIX epoch, you can use DateTime.strptime ("string parse time") with the correct specifier:
Date.strptime('1100897479', '%s')
#=> #<Date: 2004-11-19 ((2453329j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>
Date.strptime('1100897479', '%s').to_s
#=> "2004-11-19"
DateTime.strptime('1100897479', '%s')
#=> #<DateTime: 2004-11-19T20:51:19+00:00 ((2453329j,75079s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>
DateTime.strptime('1100897479', '%s').to_s
#=> "2004-11-19T20:51:19+00:00"
Note that you have to require 'date' for that to work, then you can call it either as Date.strptime (if you only care about the date) or DateTime.strptime (if you want date and time). If you need different formatting, you can call DateTime#strftime (look at strftime.net if you have a hard time with the format strings) on it or use one of the built-in methods like rfc822.
I want to display dates in the format: short day of week, short month, day of month without leading zero but including "th", "st", "nd", or "rd" suffix.
For example, the day this question was asked would display "Thu Oct 2nd".
I'm using Ruby 1.8.7, and Time.strftime just doesn't seem to do this. I'd prefer a standard library if one exists.
Use the ordinalize method from 'active_support'.
>> time = Time.new
=> Fri Oct 03 01:24:48 +0100 2008
>> time.strftime("%a %b #{time.day.ordinalize}")
=> "Fri Oct 3rd"
Note, if you are using IRB with Ruby 2.0, you must first run:
require 'active_support/core_ext/integer/inflections'
You can use active_support's ordinalize helper method on numbers.
>> 3.ordinalize
=> "3rd"
>> 2.ordinalize
=> "2nd"
>> 1.ordinalize
=> "1st"
Taking Patrick McKenzie's answer just a bit further, you could create a new file in your config/initializers directory called date_format.rb (or whatever you want) and put this in it:
Time::DATE_FORMATS.merge!(
my_date: lambda { |time| time.strftime("%a, %b #{time.day.ordinalize}") }
)
Then in your view code you can format any date simply by assigning it your new date format:
My Date: <%= h some_date.to_s(:my_date) %>
It's simple, it works, and is easy to build on. Just add more format lines in the date_format.rb file for each of your different date formats. Here is a more fleshed out example.
Time::DATE_FORMATS.merge!(
datetime_military: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',
datetime: '%Y-%m-%d %I:%M%P',
time: '%I:%M%P',
time_military: '%H:%M%P',
datetime_short: '%m/%d %I:%M',
due_date: lambda { |time| time.strftime("%a, %b #{time.day.ordinalize}") }
)
>> require 'activesupport'
=> []
>> t = Time.now
=> Thu Oct 02 17:28:37 -0700 2008
>> formatted = "#{t.strftime("%a %b")} #{t.day.ordinalize}"
=> "Thu Oct 2nd"
Although Jonathan Tran did say he was looking for the abbreviated day of the week first followed by the abbreviated month, I think it might be useful for people who end up here to know that Rails has out-of-the-box support for the more commonly usable long month, ordinalized day integer, followed by the year, as in June 1st, 2018.
It can be easily achieved with:
Time.current.to_date.to_s(:long_ordinal)
=> "January 26th, 2019"
Or:
Date.current.to_s(:long_ordinal)
=> "January 26th, 2019"
You can stick to a time instance if you wish as well:
Time.current.to_s(:long_ordinal)
=> "January 26th, 2019 04:21"
You can find more formats and context on how to create a custom one in the Rails API docs.
Create your own %o format.
Initializer
config/initializers/srtftime.rb
module StrftimeOrdinal
def self.included( base )
base.class_eval do
alias_method :old_strftime, :strftime
def strftime( format )
old_strftime format.gsub( "%o", day.ordinalize )
end
end
end
end
[ Time, Date, DateTime ].each{ |c| c.send :include, StrftimeOrdinal }
Usage
Time.new( 2018, 10, 2 ).strftime( "%a %b %o" )
=> "Tue Oct 2nd"
You can use this with Date and DateTime as well:
DateTime.new( 2018, 10, 2 ).strftime( "%a %b %o" )
=> "Tue Oct 2nd"
Date.new( 2018, 10, 2 ).strftime( "%a %b %o" )
=> "Tue Oct 2nd"
I like Bartosz's answer, but hey, since this is Rails we're talking about, let's take it one step up in devious. (Edit: Although I was going to just monkeypatch the following method, turns out there is a cleaner way.)
DateTime instances have a to_formatted_s method supplied by ActiveSupport, which takes a single symbol as a parameter and, if that symbol is recognized as a valid predefined format, returns a String with the appropriate formatting.
Those symbols are defined by Time::DATE_FORMATS, which is a hash of symbols to either strings for the standard formatting function... or procs. Bwahaha.
d = DateTime.now #Examples were executed on October 3rd 2008
Time::DATE_FORMATS[:weekday_month_ordinal] =
lambda { |time| time.strftime("%a %b #{time.day.ordinalize}") }
d.to_formatted_s :weekday_month_ordinal #Fri Oct 3rd
But hey, if you can't resist the opportunity to monkeypatch, you could always give that a cleaner interface:
class DateTime
Time::DATE_FORMATS[:weekday_month_ordinal] =
lambda { |time| time.strftime("%a %b #{time.day.ordinalize}") }
def to_my_special_s
to_formatted_s :weekday_month_ordinal
end
end
DateTime.now.to_my_special_s #Fri Oct 3rd