LLVM14: Profile Guided Optimization yields "Malformed Instrumentation Profile Data" - clang

Windows 10, Ryzen 3700x, gcc 8.1.0 (Posix, SEH-enabled)
I am building clang, llvm, and compiler-rt (the PGO tools) from source. I have downloaded the clang+llvm source for 14.0.0, and built it successfully with the following:
cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang;lld;compiler-rt" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=X86 ../llvm
After this, I can invoke clang, and build projects, ranging from simple "Hello, World", to a much more complex one. I am able to make use of -flto, with the addition of -fuse-ld=lld.
However, if I attempt to do ANY sort of PGO building, I fail. For example, here is the minimal example to demonstrate the problem.
Andrew#Ryzen3700x MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ cat test.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!");
return 0;
}
Andrew#Ryzen3700x MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ clang -fprofile-instr-generate test.c
Andrew#Ryzen3700x MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ ./a.exe
Hello, World!
Andrew#Ryzen3700x MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ llvm-profdata merge -output=test.profdata default.profraw
warning: default.profraw: malformed instrumentation profile data
error: no profile can be merged
Andrew#Ryzen3700x MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ llvm-profdata show default.profraw
error: default.profraw: malformed instrumentation profile data: function name is empty
I am aware of many answers to this question, and none of them seem to apply. My .profraw file is not empty.
I will note that when I installed LLVM/Clang directly (not building on my own), the PGO portions DID work. However, after many hours I could not resolve linking issues regarding -flto.

Related

How to install llvm#13 with Homerew on macOS High Sierra 10.13.6? Got "Built target lldELF" error

Although High Sierra is no longer supported by Homebrew, but I need to install llvm#13 formula as a dependency for other formulas. So I tried to install it this way:
$ brew install llvm
...
==> Downloading https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-13.0.0/llvm-project-13.0.0.src.tar.xz
Already downloaded: /Users/username/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/8fd68fc8f968137c5080826db6e58682326235960fd8469363eb27d0799978ca--llvm-project-13.0.0.src.tar.xz
...
==> Installing llvm
==> cmake -G Unix Makefiles .. -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS=clang;clang-tools-extra;lld;lldb;mlir;polly -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES=compiler-rt;libcxx;libcxxabi;libunwind;openmp -DLLVM_POLLY_L
==> cmake --build .
...
[ 79%] Built target lldELF
make: *** [all] Error 2
An error is occurred after a long time of compilation. I also found this error in ~/Library/Logs/Homebrew/llvm/02.cmake:
/tmp/llvm-20211109-12151-m0zvtm/llvm-project-13.0.0.src/lldb/source/Host/macosx/objcxx/HostInfoMacOSX.mm:246:52: error: use of undeclared identifier 'CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64E'
if (cputype == CPU_TYPE_ARM64 && cpusubtype == CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64E) {
^
1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [tools/lldb/source/Host/macosx/objcxx/CMakeFiles/lldbHostMacOSXObjCXX.dir/HostInfoMacOSX.mm.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [tools/lldb/source/Host/macosx/objcxx/CMakeFiles/lldbHostMacOSXObjCXX.dir/all] Error 2
How can I fix that compilation error?
Install llvm with debug mode enabled:
$ brew install --debug llvm
Installation process encounters with the same error mentioned in the question, but some options are provided to fix the issue. Choose option 5:
- raise
- ignore
- backtrace
- irb
- shell
Choose an action: 5
It gives a shell access to the current build directory of llvm formula. Find the current folder:
$ pwd
/private/tmp/llvm-20211109-12151-m0zvtm/llvm-project-13.0.0.src
Change the location to the build directory:
cd llvm/build
Edit the HostInfoMacOSX.mm and remove the second part of condition:
vi ../../lldb/source/Host/macosx/objcxx/HostInfoMacOSX.mm
You need to change the line 246 from:
if (cputype == CPU_TYPE_ARM64 && cpusubtype == CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64E) {
to:
if (cputype == CPU_TYPE_ARM64) {
Then re-run the last command:
$ cmake --build .
It takes some time to be completed:
...
[100%] Linking CXX executable ../../../../bin/lldb-vscode
cd /tmp/llvm-20211109-12151-m0zvtm/llvm-project-13.0.0.src/llvm/build/tools/lldb/tools/lldb-vscode && /usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.21.4/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/lldb-v
scode.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/shims/mac/super/clang++ -stdlib=libc++ -fPIC -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -Werror=date-time -Werror=unguarded-availability-new -Wall -Wextra -Wn
o-unused-parameter -Wwrite-strings -Wcast-qual -Wmissing-field-initializers -pedantic -Wno-long-long -Wc++98-compat-extra-semi -Wimplicit-fallthrough -Wcovered-switch-default -Wno-c
lass-memaccess -Wno-noexcept-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor -Wsuggest-override -Wstring-conversion -Wmisleading-indentation -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-unkn
own-pragmas -Wno-strict-aliasing -Wno-deprecated-register -Wno-vla-extension -O3 -DNDEBUG -Wl,-search_paths_first -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -stdlib=libc++ -Wl,-sectcreate,__
TEXT,__info_plist,/tmp/llvm-20211109-12151-m0zvtm/llvm-project-13.0.0.src/llvm/build/tools/lldb/tools/lldb-vscode/lldb-vscode-Info.plist -Wl,-dead_strip CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/
lldb-vscode.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/BreakpointBase.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/ExceptionBreakpoint.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/FifoFiles.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vsc
ode.dir/FunctionBreakpoint.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/IOStream.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/JSONUtils.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/LLDBUtils.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vsco
de.dir/OutputRedirector.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/ProgressEvent.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/RunInTerminal.cpp.o CMakeFiles/lldb-vscode.dir/SourceBreakpoint.cpp.o CMakeFi
les/lldb-vscode.dir/VSCode.cpp.o -o ../../../../bin/lldb-vscode -Wl,-rpath,#loader_path/../lib ../../../../lib/liblldb.13.0.0.dylib -lpthread ../../../../lib/libclang-cpp.dylib ../
../../../lib/libLLVM.dylib
[100%] Built target lldb-vscode
/usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.21.4/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /tmp/llvm-20211109-12151-m0zvtm/llvm-project-13.0.0.src/llvm/build/CMakeFiles 0
Then run the install command:
$ cmake --build . --target install
The tail of the result should be:
...
-- Installing: /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/lib/cmake/llvm/./CheckAtomic.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/lib/cmake/llvm/./FindSphinx.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/lib/cmake/llvm/./FindGRPC.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/lib/cmake/llvm/./TableGen.cmake
Execute the last command:
$ cmake --build . --target install-xcode-toolchain
The tail of the results should be:
...
-- Installing: /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/Toolchains/LLVM13.0.0.xctoolchain//usr/lib/cmake/llvm/./CheckAtomic.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/Toolchains/LLVM13.0.0.xctoolchain//usr/lib/cmake/llvm/./FindSphinx.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/Toolchains/LLVM13.0.0.xctoolchain//usr/lib/cmake/llvm/./FindGRPC.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/Toolchains/LLVM13.0.0.xctoolchain//usr/lib/cmake/llvm/./TableGen.cmake
Built target install-xcode-toolchain
/usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.21.4/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /tmp/llvm-20211109-12151-m0zvtm/llvm-project-13.0.0.src/llvm/build/CMakeFiles 0
Then press control+d to return to debug menu. Because the two last commands were run manually, you need to ignore the rest of errors by choosing the option 2:
- raise
- ignore
- backtrace
- irb
- shell
Choose an action: 2
==> cmake --build . --target install
...
cmake
--build
.
--target
install
Error: could not load cache
BuildError: Failed executing: cmake --build . --target install
1. raise
2. ignore
3. backtrace
4. irb
5. shell
Choose an action: 2
==> cmake --build . --target install-xcode-toolchain
...
cmake
--build
.
--target
install-xcode-toolchain
Error: could not load cache
BuildError: Failed executing: cmake --build . --target install-xcode-toolchain
1. raise
2. ignore
3. backtrace
4. irb
5. shell
Choose an action: 2
It will continue to install to the rest:
==> Fixing /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/bin/FileCheck permissions from 755 to 555
==> Fixing /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/bin/analyze-build permissions from 755 to 555
...
==> Changing dylib ID of /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1/lib/libunwind.1.0.dylib
from #rpath/libunwind.1.dylib
to /usr/local/opt/llvm/lib/libunwind.1.dylib
/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/brew.rb (Formulary::FromPathLoader): loading /usr/local/opt/llvm/.brew/llvm.rb
==> Caveats
To use the bundled libc++ please add the following LDFLAGS:
LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib"
llvm is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in
parallel can cause all kinds of trouble.
If you need to have llvm first in your PATH, run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find llvm you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/llvm/include"
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/13.0.0_1: 10,907 files, 1.8GB, built in 1418 minutes 39 seconds
It can be verified this way, the default llvm#10 pre-installed:
$ /usr/bin/clang --version
Apple LLVM version 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.5)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin17.7.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
And the new Homebrew version of llvm#13:
$ /usr/local/opt/llvm/bin/clang --version
Homebrew clang version 13.0.0
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin17.7.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/local/opt/llvm/bin
#HamidRohani provides a great solution for those still tinkering in High Sierra (10.13). Getting a recent version of LLVM to compile on my old MAC with an older XCode (clang version 10.0.1 in my case) was a great help. My nominal contribution...
Alternatively, you could define the symbol after line 41 in HostInfoMacOSX.mm:
// Kludge: Symbol definition extracted from a modern machine.h
#ifndef CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64E
# define CPU_SUBTYPE_ARM64E ((cpu_subtype_t) 2)
#endif
Now, there's no need to modify line 246. And the definition would resolve any (possible) subsequent references. And let me aggregate the steps shown above conducted in brew's debug-shell:
cmake . -DLLVM_CREATE_XCODE_TOOLCHAIN=On
cmake --build .
cmake --build . --target install
cmake --build . --target install-xcode-toolchain
Regarding the LLVM-related variable, setting LLVM_CREATE_XCODE_TOOLCHAIN to On directs CMake to generate a target named 'install-xcode-toolchain'. 1 The target is a work-around to System Integrity Protection (SIP); "Xcode toolchains are a mostly-undocumented feature that allows multiple copies of low level tools to be installed to different locations, and users can easily switch between them." 2
Brew's Caveats
Brew gives you few caveats necessary to use the new compiler: "because macOS already provides this software and installing another version in parallel can cause all kinds of trouble." To use your new compiler, "You need to have llvm first in your PATH and for compilers to find llvm you may need to set" LDFLAGS and CDFLAGS. But since these gems-of-wisdom appear near the end of a million-lines of output, let me re-iterate here:
export PATH="/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin:$PATH"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/llvm/include"
Setting PATH is straight forward. I however, didn't need to set LDFLAGS or CPPFLAGS. Further, no joy with this additional caveat, "To use the bundled libc++ please add the following LDFLAGS":
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib"
Anyway, moving on... To demonstrate that all's good, a C++ foo program that incorporates <filesystem>; a library not in High Sierra:
#include <iostream>
// C++17: Modern C++ compiler has std filesystem
#include <filesystem>
namespace fs = std::filesystem;
typedef std::filesystem::path my_path;
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
fs::path path{"/tmp"};
path /= "foo.txt";
ofstream ofs(path);
ofs << "Hello World." << endl;
ofs.close();
return 0;
}
Clearly, a nonsensical program, But to compile:
unset CPPFLAGS
unset LDFLAGS
clang++ -std=c++17 -L/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib foo.cpp -o foo
Again, showing That I didn't need CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS. And so, The executable links to the correct libc++ library:
MacIntel:c++fs mjo$ otool -L foo
foo:
/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1252.50.4)
Enjoy.

How to build LLVM (clang,clang++) for Apple M1?

I am trying to build LLVM compilers so that I can enable OpenMP on the Apple M1.
I am using the LLVM development tree, (since I saw some OpenMP runtime go into that for this recently).
I have ended up with this script to invoke cmake:
# Xcode, Ninja
BUILD_SYSTEM=Ninja
BUILD_TAG=Ninja
cmake ../llvm \
-G$BUILD_SYSTEM -B ${BUILD_TAG}_build \
-DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES='arm64' \
-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=`which clang` \
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=`which clang++` \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH=1 \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/software/clang-12.0.0/arm64 \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_WERROR=FALSE \
-DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD='AArch64' \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS='clang;openmp,polly' \
-DLLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE='aarch64-apple-darwin20.1.0'
The compilers used here are
$ /usr/bin/clang --version
Apple clang version 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.27)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin20.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
ninja can then successfully build clang, clang++ and the OpenMp runtime and install them. (As simple, Arm64 images targeting Arms64)
$ file ~/software/clang-12.0.0/arm64/bin/clang
/Users/jcownie/software/clang-12.0.0/arm64/bin/clang: Mach-O 64-bit executable arm64
$ ~/software/clang-12.0.0/arm64/bin/clang --version
clang version 12.0.0 (https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git 879c15e890b4d25d28ea904e92497f091f796019)
Target: aarch64-apple-darwin20.1.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Users/jcownie/software/clang-12.0.0/arm64/bin
Which all looks sane, except that when I try to compile anything with them they are missing the include path to get system headers.
$ ~/software/clang-12.0.0/arm64/bin/clang hello.c
hello.c:1:10: fatal error: 'stdio.h' file not found
#include <stdio.h>
^~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
So, after all that,
Does anyone know how to fix that include path problem?
Does anyone know how to configure and build a fat binary for the compilers (and libraries) so that the x86_64 embedded compiler targets x86_64 and the aarch64 binary aarch64? (This is what the Xcode clang and clang++ do...)
My attempt at this ended up with a compiler fat binary where both architectures targeted x86_64 :-(
Thanks
You can set -DDEFAULT_SYSROOT=/path/to/MacOSX11.1.sdk at build time or do export SDKROOT=/path/to/MacOSX11.1.sdk at runtime.
You need to compile with clang -arch arm64 -arch x86_64 to get a fat binary out of clang. You need to do this for Apple clang as well.
UPDATED 8 Feb 2021
Homebrew now supports the M1 based Arm machines, so using that is a better answer than the one below.
The info below is potentially still useful if you want to do this on your own, but using brew is likely to be much simpler.
Pre-brew answer
I haven't found a clean solution, but in case it helps anyone else, I do have a horrible hack.
The full recipe, then is configure with this script, then build and install.
# Xcode, Ninja
BUILD_SYSTEM=Ninja
BUILD_TAG=ninja
INSTALLDIR=$HOME/software/clang-12.0.0/arm64
cmake ../llvm \
-G$BUILD_SYSTEM -B ${BUILD_TAG}_build \
-DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES='arm64' \
-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=`which clang` \
-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=`which clang++` \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$INSTALLDIR \
-DLLVM_LOCAL_RPATH=$INSTALLDIR/lib \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_WERROR=FALSE \
-DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD='AArch64' \
-DLLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE='aarch64-apple-darwin20.1.0' \
-DDEFAULT_SYSROOT="$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)" \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS='clang;openmp;polly;clang-tools-extra;libcxx;libcxxabi' \
# -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS='clang;openmp;polly'
That gives a compiler that finds the right headers, but won't link successfully if OpenMP is used because it doesn't pass on any useful -L path or add a necessary rpath.
To overcome that I created a small shell script that sits in my ~/bin, at the front of my $PATH, which adds those extra linker flags.
#
# A truly awful hack, but it seems necessary.
# Install this with execute permissions as clang and clang++ in
# a directory early in your path, so that it is executed when clang or
# clang++ is needed.
#
# For brew...
INSTALLDIR=/usr/local/opt/llvm
# For a local build.
INSTALLDIR=${HOME}/software/clang-12.0.0/arm64/
# Find out the name of this file, and then invoke the same file in the
# compiler installation, adding the necessary linker directives
CMD=`echo $0 | sed "s/\/.*\///"`
${INSTALLDIR}/bin/${CMD} -L${INSTALLDIR}/lib -Wl,-rpath,${INSTALLDIR}/lib $*
I am not recommending this particularly; there should clearly be a better way to make it work, but it'll do for now, and lets me get back to using the compiler rather than building it!
I was able to build with -DDEFAULT_SYSROOT="$(xcrun --show-sdk-path)" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/Users/foo/lokal/ and install into the lokal/bin lokal/lib path. Once that is done you can use LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Users/foo/lokal/lib and all the libraries should be found without mucking with anything else rpath related.

How to build opencv samples

I am new to cmake though not to make. This question is different from Could not build OpenCV Android sample project since that other question is about a single project and this one is looking at the overall CMakeLists.txt.
Speaking of which: consider the CMakeLists.txt in ${OPENCVDIR}/samples :
I followed basic process for cmake:
cd "${OPENCVDIR}/samples"
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
But at the last step I have:
$ cmake ..
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:72 (find_package):
Could not find a package configuration file provided by "OpenCV" with any
of the following names:
OpenCVConfig.cmake
opencv-config.cmake
Add the installation prefix of "OpenCV" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
"OpenCV_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If "OpenCV"
provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it has been
installed.
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "/git/opencv/samples/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".
Line 72 has this: find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED PATHS "..")
I looked at the error log and it was not informative.
Compilation of the CXX compiler identification source "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" produced "a.out"
The CXX compiler identification is GNU, found in "/git/opencv/samples/CMakeFiles/3.13.4/CompilerIdCXX/a.out"
Determining if the C compiler works passed with the following output:
Change Dir: /git/opencv/samples/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command:"/usr/bin/make" "cmTC_26f76/fast"
/usr/bin/make -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_26f76.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_26f76.dir/build
make[1]: Entering directory '/git/opencv/samples/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_26f76.dir/testCCompiler.c.o
/usr/bin/cc -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_26f76.dir/testCCompiler.c.o -c /git/opencv/samples/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/testCCompiler.c
Linking C executable cmTC_26f76
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmTC_26f76.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/cc -rdynamic CMakeFiles/cmTC_26f76.dir/testCCompiler.c.o -o cmTC_26f76
make[1]: Leaving directory '/git/opencv/samples/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Detecting C compiler ABI info compiled with the following output:
"/git/opencv/samples/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log" 706 lines, 48095 characters
Feature record: CXX_FEATURE:0cxx_defaulted_move_initializers
Feature record: CXX_FEATURE:0cxx_delegating_constructors
Feature record: CXX_FEATURE:0cxx_deleted_functions
Feature record: CXX_FEATURE:0cxx_digit_separators
Feature record: CXX_FEATURE:0cxx_enum_forward_declarations
Feature record: CXX_FEATURE:0cxx_explicit_conversions
Feature record: CXX_FEATURE:0cxx_extended_friend_declar
etc ..
What is the correct way to build these examples - hopefully using the CMakeLists.txt already provided?
It seems the installation directory of OpenCV couldn't be found by cmake. Try to provide the value through the argument:
cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/home/someone/src/opencv/install ..
Ff it works, you could define this in the top-level CMakeLitst.txt:
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /home/someone/src/opencv/install)
This should provide CMake the place where it should look to.
$ opencv_version
3.4.16
$ cd OpenCV/samples/
$ cmake -B build
$ cmake --build build
JPEG display
$ build/cpp/example_cpp_image data/lena.jpg
USB camera capture
$ build/cpp/example_cpp_videocapture_basic
$ build/cpp/example_cpp_videocapture_camera
Recognition by AI
$ build/tapi/example_tapi_hog

Clang showing compiler error with fuzzer argument

I am trying to experiment with libFuzzer library and going through the toy-example[1].
keep-learnings-MacBook-Pro:Ccodeanalysis keep_learning$ cat Fuzzme.cpp
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
if (size > 0 && data[0] == 'H')
if (size > 1 && data[1] == 'I')
if (size > 2 && data[2] == '!')
__builtin_trap();
return 0;
}
keep-learnings-MacBook-Pro:Ccodeanalysis keep_learning$ clang++ -fsanitize=address,fuzzer Fuzzme.cpp
ld: file not found: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/10.0.1/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.fuzzer_osx.a
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
keep-learnings-MacBook-Pro:Ccodeanalysis keep_learning$ clang++ --version
Apple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.7.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin
A quick Google search showed me this [2], but other than that I could not find any meaningful information to resolve it, hence posting here. Could some one please tell me how to solve this ? Thanks in advance.
[1] http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#toy-example
[2] https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=39794
As you have noticed, there is no fuzzer runtime shipped with Apple developer tools. So you'd either report this issue to Apple folks, or build the runtime library by yourself from the sources (or both).
As Anton stated, Apple Developer Tools do not include the fuzzer library, leaving you to compile from source, or asking Apple.
It turns out LLVM also hosts pre-compiled binaries for some releases on their downloads page:
https://releases.llvm.org/download.html.
On that page, find your LLVM version (eg "Download LLVM 10.0.0"), and go a bit further until you see Pre-Built Binaries. Don't see binaries for your LLVM version? Pick the nearest lower version. The OP and I both have clang++ 10.0.1, so we'd pick 10.0.0.
Click the macOS link to download, pop into the Terminal to untar and copy the libraries, and you're done. I did it with a few environment variables (those paths are killer!), and a cp -n to preserve existing files.
export CLANG_ROOT=clang+llvm-10.0.0-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/clang/10.0.0
export XCODE_ROOT=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/10.0.1
tar xvf clang+llvm-10.0.0-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.xz $CLANG_ROOT/include/fuzzer $CLANG_ROOT/lib/darwin
sudo cp -rn $CLANG_ROOT/include/fuzzer $XCODE_ROOT/include
sudo cp -n $CLANG_ROOT/lib/darwin/* $XCODE_ROOT/lib/darwin
I did exactly the above, and my code compiled and linked right away.

Errors due to vowpal wabbit's dependencies on boost library

I'm trying real hard to install vowpal wobbit and it fails when i run the make file, throwing:
cd library; make; cd ..
g++ -g -o ezexample temp2.cc -L ../vowpalwabbit -l vw -l allreduce -l boost_program_options -l z -l pthread
ld: library not found for -lboost_program_options collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[1]: *** [ezexample] Error 1'
I then added the links to the boost library here by specifying -L/usr/local/lib
Now I get the following error:
g++ -g -o ezexample temp2.cc -L/usr/local/lib ../vowpalwabbit -l vw -l allreduce -l boost_program_options -l z -l pthread
ld: library not found for -lvw
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [ezexample] Error 1
I happened to get everything working on OS X 10.7 as follows:
Make sure you have a working Boost installation. As indicated on the Getting started page, usually we only need header files, but some Boost libraries must be built separately, including the program_options library which is used to process options from command line or config file. Go into your boost folder, and then at your shell prompt:
$ ./bootstrap.sh
$ ./bjam
This will compile and build everything. You should now have a bin.v2/ directory in your boost directory, with all built libraries for your system (static and threaded libs).
$ ls bin.v2/libs/
date_time iostreams python serialization test
filesystem math random signals thread
graph program_options regex system wave
More importantly, extra Boost libraries are made available in the stage/lib/ directory. For me, these are Mach-O 64-bit dynamically linked shared library x86_64.
The include path should be your_install_dir/boost_x_xx_x, where boost_x_xx_x is the basename of your working Boost. (I personally have boost_1_46_1 in /usr/local/share/ and I symlinked it to /usr/local/share/boost to avoid having to remember version number.) The library path (for linking) should read your_install_dir/boost_x_xx_x/stage/lib. However, it might be best to symlink or copy (which is what I did) everything in usual place, i.e. /usr/local/include/boost for header files, and /usr/local/lib for libraries.
Edit the Makefile from the vowpal_wabbit directory, and change the include/library paths to reflect your current installation. The Makefile should look like this (first 12 lines):
COMPILER = g++
UNAME := $(shell uname)
ifeq ($(UNAME), FreeBSD)
LIBS = -l boost_program_options -l pthread -l z -l compat
BOOST_INCLUDE = /usr/local/include
BOOST_LIBRARY = /usr/local/lib
else
LIBS = -l boost_program_options -l pthread -l z
BOOST_INCLUDE = /usr/local/share/boost # change path to reflect yours
BOOST_LIBRARY = /usr/local/share/boost/stage/lib # idem
endif
Then, you are ready to compile vowpal_wabbit (make clean in case you already compiled it):
$ make
$ ./vw --version
6.1
$ make test
You can also install vowpal wabbit on OS X using brew:
brew install vowpal-wabbit
Or you can just install boost, and then install vw from the github repo.
brew install boost
For installation on CentOS 7 (6.5 perl version is too old for latest vw source code), I've found the instructions at http://wkoplitz.blogspot.be/2012/12/vowpal-wabbit-on-centos.html to work fine:
yum install zlib-devel boost-devel
yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
git clone git://github.com/JohnLangford/vowpal_wabbit.git
cd vowpal_wabbit
./autogen.sh
make
make test
Good news:
As of the latest release VowpalWabbit version 9.1.0, vw no longer relies on Boost program_options
From the release highlights:
Removal of Boost Program Options dependency
For a long time we have depended on Boost Program Options
for command line options parsing. In this release, we have > replaced this dependency with our own implementation of
command line parsing. Apart from one place where we depend > on Boost Math in standalone mode, this means that VW core
and the command line tool are free of Boost dependencies
hopefully making the code a bit easier to build and package.
Vowpal Wabbit 9.1.0 release notes

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