for example
\def\if#nch#mpty#1{\def\temp#a{#1}\ifx\temp#a\#empty}
\def\f#nch#def#1#2{\if#nch#mpty{#2}\f#nch#gbl\def#1{\leavevmode}\else
\f#nch#gbl\def#1{#2\strut}\fi}
What does the symbol # mean in latex
By default in a TeX document, a command (also called a macro) can be only named using the letters [a-zA-Z] but not symbols such as #.
Why is that? Because each character has a category code (or catcode, for short), and by default only [a-zA-Z] have the catcode 11 that allows it to be used in a macro. But, amazingly, TeX allows you to change a character's catcode! So at the beginning of cls/sty files, LaTeX sets the catcode for # to catcode 11. Afterward, it resets it back to the default.
LaTeX also includes two commands \makeatletter and \makeatother to easily change the catcode of #.
For example:
\makeatletter
% This is ok define new command with at character.
\def\command#with#at#character{%
Command With At Character.%
}
% And you can use it in the pair makeatletter/makeatother
\command#with#at#character
\makeatother
% But you CANNOT use the macro here!!! TeX will try to call \command
% but not \command#with#at#character, because `#` now does not have
% right catcode.
% \command#with#at#character
See What do \makeatletter and \makeatother do?
to get more information.
About the macro \catcode(which can help you to change the character's catcode), you can get more information from here.
Related
I defined a new command
\newcommand{\test}[1]{\href{https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/main/package.json#1}{#1}}
When I use it as follows:
\test{#L4}
the url will be interpreted as:
https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/main/package.json##L4
There is an extra # in the url, which is unexpected. What I really want is:
https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/main/package.json#L4
which means line 4 of the package.json code
The easiest but no so elegant way to solve the problem is as follows.
\test{\#L4}
but what if other special characters like _ appear in the part of url I copy? It's boring to correct these meaningless grammar mistakes.
Is there any more elegant way to solve the problem? What I want is to copy plain text, which is part of url to the latex code and no extra efforts like adding \ escape character before # and other special characters are needed.
What I want is to copy plain text, which is part of url to the latex code and no extra efforts like adding \ escape character before # and other special characters are needed.
I am afraid it will require extra effort because # is used as a parameter for macros in LaTeX. You can play with redefining categories and when # is consumed, restore its original meaning.
I have another solution based on expl3 where I save the main address and create links with additional parts. See a small demo below
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry} % To fit long links without breaks
\ExplSyntaxOn
\str_new:N \l__xaddr_main_str
\str_new:N \l__xaddr_show_str
\cs_new:Npn \combine_addr:n #1 {
\str_set:Nn \l_tmpa_str {#1}
\str_concat:NNN \l__xaddr_show_str \l__xaddr_main_str \l_tmpa_str
}
\NewDocumentCommand\xsetmainaddr{v}{
\str_set:Nn \l__xaddr_main_str {#1}}
\NewDocumentCommand\xdisplay{v}{%
\str_if_empty:NF \l__xaddr_main_str {
\combine_addr:n {#1}
\str_use:N \l__xaddr_show_str
}}
\NewDocumentCommand\xhref{vv}{%
\str_if_empty:NF \l__xaddr_main_str {
\combine_addr:n {#1}
\href{\l__xaddr_show_str}{#2}
}}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\setlength\parindent{0pt} % To fit long links without breaks
\begin{document}
\xhref{#L4}{GitHub} % Nothing to display. The main address is not defined.
\xsetmainaddr{https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/main/package.json}
\par\xdisplay{#L4} % Display the full address including #L4
\par\xdisplay{#something_else%20here} % all characters accepted
\par\xhref{#L4}{GitHub} % Generates link: <address>#L4
\bigskip
\xsetmainaddr{http://www.google.com} % New address
\par\xhref{}{Google} % Generates link
\end{document}
In LaTeX text, I sometimes need 'unpaired' parenthesis - ( without ) or vice versa; however, in such a case, delimiter check macro reports error. I found a simple solution: \symbol{40} and \symbol{41}, which aren't recognized as delimiters. The same works for brackets [ and ] (decimal codes are 91 and 93 respectively), but doesn't work for braces { and }. Their codes are 123 and 125 respectively, but \symbol{123} and \symbol{125} produce something like dash and quote. I use fontenc LCY, trying both text and math modes.
I've found a solution:\textbraceleft and \textbraceright, but why \symbol doesn't work in such a case?
Found it! This first code
\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\symbol{123} and \symbol{125}
\end{document}
gives
as output, while
\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\begin{document}
\symbol{123} and \symbol{125}
\end{document}
gives this output instead:
Adding
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
provides the desired font encoding (fontenc package).
A (not-so-further) reading suggestion: font encoding vs. input encoding.
I am trying to get my document parts to show up as:
A. Narrative % \part{Narrative}
Intro %\section{Intro}
main text...
B. Appendix % \part{Appendix}
Derivations % \section{Derivations}
appendix text...
I have seen others use:
\renewcommand{\thepart}{\Alph{part}}
However this is not working for me for some reason. My parts are showing up as:
Part A
Narrative
Intro
main text...
Part B
Appendix
Derivations
appendix text...
Any ideas anyone?
The minimal example below updates \part to set its numbering differently. More specifically, it removes the \partname - Part - prefix and keeps the title on the same line. Fonts are also updated to set the part using \LARGE\bfseries in both \part and \part*. All of the above updates are done using etoolbox's \patchcmd{<cmd>}{<search>}{<replace>}{<success>}{<failure>} macro that performs a <search>-and-<replace> within <cmd>.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{lipsum,etoolbox}
\renewcommand{\thepart}{\Alph{part}}
\makeatletter
% Change part display; also uniform size of \LARGE\bfseries
\patchcmd{\#part}% <cmd>
{\Large\bfseries \partname\nobreakspace\thepart \par\nobreak}% <search>
{\LARGE\bfseries \thepart.\quad}% <replace>
{}{}% <success><failure>
\patchcmd{\#part}{\huge}{\LARGE}{}{}
\patchcmd{\#spart}{\huge}{\LARGE}{}{}
\renewcommand{\#seccntformat}[1]{\csname the#1\endcsname.\quad}
% \#addtoreset{section}{part} % Reset section counter with every part
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\part{Narrative}
\section{Intro}
\lipsum[1]
\part{Appendix}
\section{Derivations}
\lipsum[2]
\end{document}
If you wish to have the \section numbers reset with every new \part, uncomment the line referencing that in the preamble.
Your idea is right, but you also redefine the titleformat.
From the following link:
\usepackage{titlesec}
\renewcommand{\thepart}{\Alph{part}}
\makeatletter
\titleformat{\part}[display]
{\Huge\scshape\filright}
{\thepart~\partname}
{20pt}
{\thispagestyle{plain}}
\makeatother
Why does the following command not produce a horizontal rule filling the space until the end of the line?
Hello \rule[0.5em]{\fill}{1pt}
It is my understanding that this should print the text “Hello” followed by a horizontal rule that extends until the end of the line, analogously to the macro \hfill which is effectively equivalent to \hspace\fill. – But in effect, this command just produces the text “Hello”, no rule.
I am aware that the effect can be produced by \hrulefill but it can’t be used here because I want a raised rule and \hrulefill doesn’t work together with \raisebox and I want my rule to hang above the baseline (at best in the middle of the line).
I don't have a satisfying answer as to why the command you presented doesn't work, but I can offer an effective workaround. Put
% Raised Rule Command:
% Arg 1 (Optional) - How high to raise the rule
% Arg 2 - Thickness of the rule
\newcommand{\raisedrule}[2][0em]{\leaders\hbox{\rule[#1]{1pt}{#2}}\hfill}
into your document's preface, and then you can accomplish what you were hoping to with:
Hello \raisedrule[0.5em]{1pt}
The horizontal rule of 1pt height and raised by 1.5pt.
Hello \leaders\vrule height 2.5pt depth -1.5pt \hfill \null
There is a package called ulem which does this
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
% !TEX TS-program = xelatex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\begin{document}
normal text \uline{\textit{underline text}\hfill}
\end{document}
which will produce
For your curiosity, the option normalem for package ulem prevents ulem to produce extra underline with \em or \emph.
You can do this with the command \hrulefill
see http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Lengths#Fill_the_rest_of_the_line
% I did it!
%
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\begin{document}
\uline{Some text \hfill\phantom{.}}
\end{document}
I use the listings package to insert source code. I would like to print all keywords uppercase in the output, regardless of the case in the input.
The manual states that
keywordstyle=[number][*]style
produces just what I want. However the following (almost) minimal example does not work.
if I set keywordstyle to "[1][]{\bfseries}" I end up with "[]" in front of every keyword
and "[*]{\bfseries}" gives me an asterisk in the start of the document.
I also tried "\MakeUppercase" and "{\MakeUppercase}" for keywordstyle which resulted in several errors, the first being:
! Incomplete \iffalse; all text was ignored after line 11
Minimal example:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{listings}
\lstdefinelanguage{KA_assembler}
{morekeywords={add,and,or,xor},
keywordstyle=[1][*]{\bfseries},
sensitive=false,
}
\lstset{language=KA_assembler}
\begin{document}
\begin{lstlisting}
and %r1, %r2
xor %r2, %r3
and %r4, %r5
\end{lstlisting}
\end{document}
I use Miktex for compilation of the tex files. So how do I force uppercase for Keywords?
In the manual, the brackets around the * look a bit different then the brackets around number. The reason is that the brackets around * are not meant to be used in the latex code, they just indicate that the presence of the * is optional. So try
keywordstyle=[1]*\bfseries
or
keywordstyle=*\bfseries
- it worked for me.