I am using AutoLayout and Size classes, but with release of iOS 10 and new Xcode 8.0, there is one new option Vary for Traits. Is this replacement of Size Classe for different width and height of devices.
By selection of width checkbox, it displays varying 14 compact width devices.
By selection of height checkbox, it displays varying 18 compact height devices.
By selection of both checkbox, it displays varying 11 compact width regular height devices.
How to make use of this options ?
Can we use AutoLayout with size classes as like Xcode7.0 ?
If any one has in depth knowledge then please explain it.
This is just an extension as to how to use "Vary Traits" quickly in your project for adding different layouts for iPad and iPhones.
Please read this for understanding more on the Size classes.
https://developer.apple.com/reference/uikit/uitraitcollection
If you are skipping the example which follows below, do read the Summary in the end.
OBJECTIVE :
You need a button having different widths in iPhone and iPad. The former having width of 80 and latter having a width of 300.
METHOD 1 :
Vary for Traits with Multiple Constraints as installed.
STEPS :
Add the common constraints first like Center the button horizontally and vertically.
Choose VaryForTraits and for iPhone screens as per the size class guidelines , a C*R size class fits the model and this we check the tickmarks of Width & Height in PopUp. Dismiss the pop-up by clicking anywhere on screen.
Add the width constant and check whether the constraint is added for C*R size-class. After adding constraints, choose Done Varying button.
For iPad screens, again select any iPad device and choose VaryForTraits and this time on clicking height-width, it should show R*R variation.
Again add a width constraint, the last added iPhone width constraint must be unhighlighted as in the screenshot. The value added will be for the size-class R*R this time.
Switch back to iPhone layout and it takes 80 as width and iPad will take 300.
CONCLUSION :
Please notice that there are total of two constraints added and in both the constraints, the values differ according to the size-class chosen.
METHOD 2 :
Vary for Traits with Single Constraint , Multiple Size-Class installed
STEPS :
Add the normal width constraint. Then select that constraint and choose the + button besides the Constant value.
Add trait variation, and for iPhone we choose C*R and set the constant value as 100.
Again for iPad which follows a trait variation as R*R, we add another variation by clicking again on + button and set the value as 300.
Select an iPad and the width will be automatically taken as 300 and coming back to iPhone it takes 100 as value.
CONCLUSION :
This seems to be a better option rather than adding two constraints when a single constraint is only required and the constant value differs.
WHEN TO USE, WHAT TO USE :
Both the approaches are basically doing the same thing, setting values to Size-classes.
But, #Method1 is used when you want to add a constraint specifically for a device or say size-class. For example, in iPhone the button should be from Top 50 pts and in iPad it should be centered horizontally and vertically. In such situations, you need to use VaryForTraits as it opens doors to add constraints for a specific size class.
#Method2 is used when you want different constant values for a same constraint type.
P.S : TO ALL THOSE WHO ARE NOT ABLE TO GET THE EXAMPLE WORKING
Please make sure, you are adding only the required constraints as Installed. The checkbox against Installed should only appear for the constraint that you need for a size class. That is the key!
Just add a top constraint & a leading to an uiButton in a view. Select the top constraint and uncheck the basic Installed option with Plus sign. Now, by clicking on the Plus sign, add variation to CR and check that option. Now, change the device from iPhone to iPad with various orientation combinations. This constraint will be applied only for CR size class which is iPhone in portrait orientation. If the checkbox against the basic Installed (the one with Plus symbol) was checked that means the constraint should be applied to all size classes.
SUMMARY :
Trait Variation is a change to the presentation of your user interface that is based on a device configuration. Trait Variations of the user interface is not just limited to constraints but can be applied to much more. Such as changing the color of the background and other elements when the device is set to a dark style. A variation can apply to an element of the user interface, such removing a constraint, or to a property of a view class or constraint, such as the font for a label. You can vary:
Size or position of a view
Installation of a view
Installation of a constraint
Constraint constant
Font
Color for the font, tint, or background
Layout margins
Image file
The specific set of properties you can vary depends on the class of the element. In the example, we have demonstrated the use of- Installation of a constraint & - Constraint constant . Others, are quite simple and can be easily inferred.
Vary for traits is the evolution of size classes option that was present in the past version of Xcode. It allows a much more nifty and precise variation based on traits. Of course, it is not limited to iPad/iPhone only variations but you can specify also variations based on orientation and different device.
Other answers in this thread have some lacks and inaccuracies, perhaps the most efficient way to give an answer is to make an example. For the sake of clarity we will limit our example to only a button and two layouts. However, as explained below, you can extend the following example as you wish. Our goal is to to adjust the position of a button between two different layouts: landscape and portrait on all devices.
Note: If not enabled “vary for traits” option, all layout and ui interface adjustments are referred to all traits (ie. all size classes).
Let’s start by putting a button on our storyboard. Since “vary for traits” is not enabled, the button will be present in all different layouts. If, instead, we had enabled vary for traits the button would be referred only to the particular trait selected.
Now, let’s enable “vary for trait” and choose a variation based on height. You should see that the bottom screen will turn in blue and according to the selection you will see all the device impacted. So far, so good.
Select again the button and add the constraints ad usual. In our example, we will add top and left leading space as well as width and height. After that, click on the “Done Varying”. You will see that the bottom part of the screen will turn gray again. What is happening is that we have told Interface Builder to add the above constraints only for the (w:C h:R) classes.
Now select the landscape mode on the bottom of the screen. You will see that the Button is in red, because it lacks the constraints that you have added only for some traits. Select again vary for traits and select again the height variation. Add the following constraints:
and press done varying. Now the button is well identified on the screen both for landscape and portrait.
Build and run. You will see that the button will change according to the orientation of the screen.
You can create more advanced layouts following this pattern. For example, you can select at the beginning a vary for traits and drop UIKit objects only for a specific trait. This object will be present only in the specified variant and will be greyed out on the others one allowing you to create completely different user interfaces based on traits.
It is nothing but size classes it self but with different representation. till xcode 7 we used size classes and we consider height-width in regular,compact and any manner, in vary for traits concept is same but xcode specifically explain exact device. In older version we know that for every iphone in portraint etc kind of information where in this we can know exact device!
Check the below screen shots,
You should refer wwdc2016 - video for more information!
Reference : This So Post
Related
In order to get an iPhone layout to display at 'correct' dimensions on iPad, I'm putting everything (rose) into a view (blue) within the ViewController (gold)
Click / tap to see Schematic View
The iPad is shown as the larger frame with the grey status bar.
So to cater for 7plus size iPhones downwards, I'd have to set up constraints for the 7+ within an iPad frame with different priorities
in different directions. Once the blue view is set, i should happily be able to add my Sub Views in I.B.
Since the whole lot has to appear in the very centre of Ipads, step (1) is to set alignment centre-line constraints of the blue View with priority of 1000.
Next would be to fix the size for iPad displays larger then 7+. Acheived with setting size constraints as a maximum to shrink from. I've only shown the ≤680, so that height or less as in step (2) but a lesser priority, say 750.
Then for it to reduce down in size toward SE size i want to hold that say 20 points away from the viewController (gold). So the constraint for that should be ≥20. as shown at (3), I've assigned 740
The principal works nicely in the horizontal direction, but not the vertical. I've tried endlessly to adjust different priority assignments, including the 'Content Hugging' and 'Content Compression Resistance'properties and I never seem to get the desired results once I put the actual entities I want to see (rose) within the Blue view.
I've read Apple's Autolayout Design Guides closely enough to almost say I've written them, and after 35+years of CAD and 3D animation modelling, I think I could describe objects in text parameters before the iPhone existed.
But I've been bested here. Am I taking the long way 'round to just get an ** iPhone only ** layout to display correctly? My little bald spot thanks you for your answer.
If it were me, I'd use trait variations instead of trying to handle layout for every size class in one set of constraints. I think if you take that approach, you can accomplish what you're after with a lot less work and in a way that's independent of devices that may appear in the future.
Also, keep in mind that if your app supports iPad multitasking, you may have sizes on an iPad that you're not expecting (like iPhone portrait width in device landscape orientation).
With autolayout, try not to think in terms of device type or orientation. Think in terms of the appearance you want for a particular size class, wherever it appears, in whatever device orientation. That gives you the opportunity to create a the best user experience for a given display area, and will make your life easier during initial development as well as when new features are added or new user devices are in the mix.
I use xCode 8.1.
I have two textboxes in one column for iPhone (in portrait mode):
How can I use adaptive design to display these textboxes in one line at iPad and at Landscape mode of iPhone?
Position your text boxes as you have shown for portrait
Assuming you want Name to stay in the same place, you only need to change the constraints on Surname
You should have a TopSpace and a Leading Space defined for Surname - select each constraint in turn, and click on the + button beside Installed - this gives you the option of introducing variations, so click Add Variation and then de-select the initial default value.
This will mean that these two constraints only apply for iPhones in portrait mode (Compact/Regular
The switch to landscape mode, and position Surname where you need it. Apply constraints - vertical center with Name and a Leading spacing. Select both of those constraints, and repeat the process for creating variations, but they will now be created for iPhone landscape only (Compact/Compact).
Now switch to iPad, and repeat the process you followed for landscape, which will create the iPad constraints (Regular/Regular)
That should be everything you need. If it doesn't work, or you see red lines in the storyboard, it most likely means you have left one of the Surname constraints active for all orientations - at the same time as having conflicting constraints for specifics - if you can't find which one, delete the constraints and start again :-)
Here's a screenshot showing where you add the variation
and here's what it looks like after you have added a portrait-specific constraint
Another way is to use a Stack View with varying trait.
Select the two fields in Interface builder and in the bottom right corner press the Stack button.
Then select the stack view and open attributes inspector tab.
Add a variation based on width, and for this variation (Regular width) set the axis to be Horizontal.
Done.
Note: Don't go with the stack view if your deployment target is bellow iOS 9.
The key to doing this in Xcode 8 is the Vary For Traits button bottom right of the editor.
Select an iPad from the View as list, and set up your constraints as you would for iPad.
Then select an iPhone, and click Vary For Traits, and select width.
Now, select any constraints that aren't used on the iPhone, and hit delete. This doesn't delete them entirely, it just uninstalls them for that size class
Then add the constraints you need for the iPhone. This only adds constraints for the compact width size class
When you are done, click Done Varying
et voila…
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I would like to know whether there is any way to specify constraints explicitly for a particular device(iPhone 6,iPad Air etc..) on Xcode interface builder.
Yes, you can assign constraint to particular device size, it's not a specific device like iPhone 5Se or iPhone 6 but is kind of specific size classes, like compact or regular.
Click on view as on the bottom left of storyboard and you will see different options of devices size, now on the bottom right of storyboard you can see vary for traits.
Now if you click height you can see devices which will effect and if you add any constraint or view here it will only affect these devices.
If you deselect height and select width, you will see different set of devices
You can use mix and match and set different constraints and can add different views for different size classes.
For more info on this please visit following links
Apple docs on Size Classes
WWDC video on What's new in AutoLayout
I need to create an app with adaptive UI. for that I use auto layout and size class. but i can't get the expected result. it displays different UIs for different screen sizes. kindly guide me to create the adaptive UI(for all screen sizes). Thanks in advance.
This is indeed problem with constraints as mentioned in comments to your question. Using size classes only allows you to set constraints for all iphones at lowest level (that's why screen size for size class Compact x Regular is same for all iphones in xcode).
It is difficult to help you, without knowing all of your constraints. My advice is, use Preview assistant, where you can see all of your devices and generated UI. By opening this Preview assistant, tap on bottom "+" symbol and add device you wish to inspect.
As you can see on this screenshot, in my storyboard, there are margins around the middle view, however on iPhone 4, where width is smaller, these margins are lower (they have lower priority as constraint), while view retains it's width/height.
So I've been using size classes in Xcode 6 beta. I started out by putting some buttons in the middle of the screen in the AnyxAny base class. They showed up on the right side of the screen when I then ran the app in the iPhone simulator. To fix this, I went into the compactxregular size class and dragged the buttons to the middle and spaced them out a little. Then, when I ran it in the simulator, nothing had changed. Why? Is it just a glitch in the beta version or am I not doing something right? It worked when I added a center x alignment constraint to the buttons but I still wanted to do some spacing. (and also, what's the point of the size classes if I could just do it using constraints?)
The size classes are important so you can add individual constraints per size class (using the same storyboard). It has the flexibility to allow you to share certain constraints between all sizes devices and orientations, or just a single.
Click on each constraint you add and on the right menu, you can toggle which size class you'd like to add the constraint for. (It's the + button next to the installed check marks)
You can specify different constraints for different size classes. Watch the WWDDC 2014 video View Controller Advancements in iOS 8 to see how to do it in IB. If you can specify the layout you need without size classes, don’t bother; they’re just for overrides.